BIOLOGY 2113 Unit IV Review Guide
BIOLOGY 2113
Unit IV Review Guide
Chapters 13-17
Chapter 13 – True or False
1. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
2. The afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways.
4. Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue.
5. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS.
6. Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated fibers, or gray fibers.
8. Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are unipolar.
9. In a contralateral reflex arc, the receptors and effectors are located on opposite sides of the body.
10. In an ipsilateral arc, the effectors and receptors are on opposite sides of the body.
11. Groups of cell bodies located in the brain or spinal cord are referred to as ganglia.
12. Most injuries to the brain and spinal cord cause permanent damage.
14. Regeneration of nerve fibers will occur only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have a neurilemma.
15. If a motor neuron is damaged, it can cause the muscle it innervates to atrophy because of lack of stimulation.
16. Neurons are the only living cells that maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across their membranes.
17. When a neuron is resting, the inner surface of its plasma membrane is slightly positive compared with its outer surface.
19. If the threshold potential is surpassed, the full peak of the action potential is always reached.
20. The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close.
21. The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the membrane potential.
22. In depolarization the membrane potential moves toward zero, whereas in hyperpolarization the membrane potential moves away from zero.
27. The action potential is called an all-or-none response because if the threshold potential is surpassed, the full peak of the action
Unit IV Review Guide
Chapters 13-17
Chapter 13 – True or False
1. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
2. The afferent nervous system consists of all outgoing motor pathways.
4. Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue.
5. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the CNS.
6. Nerve fibers with many Schwann cells forming a thick myelin sheath are called myelinated fibers, or gray fibers.
8. Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are unipolar.
9. In a contralateral reflex arc, the receptors and effectors are located on opposite sides of the body.
10. In an ipsilateral arc, the effectors and receptors are on opposite sides of the body.
11. Groups of cell bodies located in the brain or spinal cord are referred to as ganglia.
12. Most injuries to the brain and spinal cord cause permanent damage.
14. Regeneration of nerve fibers will occur only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have a neurilemma.
15. If a motor neuron is damaged, it can cause the muscle it innervates to atrophy because of lack of stimulation.
16. Neurons are the only living cells that maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across their membranes.
17. When a neuron is resting, the inner surface of its plasma membrane is slightly positive compared with its outer surface.
19. If the threshold potential is surpassed, the full peak of the action potential is always reached.
20. The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close.
21. The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the membrane potential.
22. In depolarization the membrane potential moves toward zero, whereas in hyperpolarization the membrane potential moves away from zero.
27. The action potential is called an all-or-none response because if the threshold potential is surpassed, the full peak of the action