Biology
`Biology B1 Revision
Classification
• Organisms were based into groups based on their characteristics (classification).
• Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Kingdom Main Characteristics
Animalia Multicellular; heterotrophic feeders so no chlorophyll, no cell walls; complex cell structure with nucleus
Plantae Multicellular; autotrophic feeders using chlorophyll; cell walls made of cellulose; complex cell structure with nucleus
Fungi Multicellular; cell walls not made of cellulose; saprophytic feeders so no chlorophyll; complex cell structure with nucleus
Protoctista Mostly unicellular (a few are multicellular); complex cell structure with nucleus
Prokaryotae Unicellular; simple cell structure with no nucleus • There is no kingdom for viruses because most scientists do not think they are alive
• When a virus particle enters a living cell it changes the way the cell works and causes it to make copies of the virus
• However the actual virus particle does not show other life processes, such as growth or feeding, live other organisms
Vertebrates and invertebrates
• Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone ( a series of small bones called vertebrae) and they belong to the phylum Chordata
• External fertilisation is when the adult releases her eggs into the water where they are fertilised by sperm released by an adult male.
• Internal fertilisation is when the adult male puts the sperm into the female so the fertilization takes place inside her body
• Oviparous is when the vertebrates lay eggs
• Viviparous give birth to live young, such as mammals
• Homeotherms keep their body temperature constant and are often warmer than their surroundings by releasing heat form reactions in their body
• Poikilotherms temperature varies with the temperature of their surroundings
Species
• A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
• 2 related species
Classification
• Organisms were based into groups based on their characteristics (classification).
• Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Kingdom Main Characteristics
Animalia Multicellular; heterotrophic feeders so no chlorophyll, no cell walls; complex cell structure with nucleus
Plantae Multicellular; autotrophic feeders using chlorophyll; cell walls made of cellulose; complex cell structure with nucleus
Fungi Multicellular; cell walls not made of cellulose; saprophytic feeders so no chlorophyll; complex cell structure with nucleus
Protoctista Mostly unicellular (a few are multicellular); complex cell structure with nucleus
Prokaryotae Unicellular; simple cell structure with no nucleus • There is no kingdom for viruses because most scientists do not think they are alive
• When a virus particle enters a living cell it changes the way the cell works and causes it to make copies of the virus
• However the actual virus particle does not show other life processes, such as growth or feeding, live other organisms
Vertebrates and invertebrates
• Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone ( a series of small bones called vertebrae) and they belong to the phylum Chordata
• External fertilisation is when the adult releases her eggs into the water where they are fertilised by sperm released by an adult male.
• Internal fertilisation is when the adult male puts the sperm into the female so the fertilization takes place inside her body
• Oviparous is when the vertebrates lay eggs
• Viviparous give birth to live young, such as mammals
• Homeotherms keep their body temperature constant and are often warmer than their surroundings by releasing heat form reactions in their body
• Poikilotherms temperature varies with the temperature of their surroundings
Species
• A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
• 2 related species