biology 102 study guide
Week #1
-autotrophs are organisms that harvest light or chemical energy in organic compounds. They self nutrition
-heterotrophs are organisms that get complex nutrients from the environment (by eating other organisms)
-Fungi are heterotrophs or predators because they are parasitic. Bread mold secretes digestive enzymes to enter the membrane. Same as foot fungus, it extends hyphae (fungal branches) into the cells to absorbs nutrients
-One fungus makes traps for nematode worms while another fungus has sticky knobs to hold them in place while hyphae penetrate into nematode worm’s body with digestive enzyme and extracellular digestion takes place.
-Protoza does intracellular digestion by initially absorbing the food using endocytosis or phagocytosis. The plasma membrane surrounds the food and ingests it. Then it moves the compound to lysosome to break it down.
- white blood cells also use phagocytosis to kill enemies. Phagocytosis involves proteins and calcium for membrane bilayer to move and fuse.
-Strepococcus is a microbe that has evolved to avoid phagocytosis by using surface receptors.
- A paramecium has food vacuoles for digestion and anal pore for absorbtion
-A hydra only has one opening. It does extracellular digestion in the gastrovascular cavity. On the other hand, humans have two opening which is not an advantage for digesting plants, because we can’t break down cellulose.
-Cellulose is broken down by cellulase, found in baterica and protaozoa. Evolution in animals has caused presence of cellulase, which makes their feces fibrous. The cellulase is found in the caecum.
-Hw about ruminants: a ruminant and cows have a rumen and reticulum that contains microbes that are able to break down cellulose because they have microbes with cellulase
-rabbits eat their fees twice so they have a second chance to absorb nutrients and also cellulase can work properly.
-to go from complex organic molecules to a simple requires digestive enzymes. Salivary glands
-autotrophs are organisms that harvest light or chemical energy in organic compounds. They self nutrition
-heterotrophs are organisms that get complex nutrients from the environment (by eating other organisms)
-Fungi are heterotrophs or predators because they are parasitic. Bread mold secretes digestive enzymes to enter the membrane. Same as foot fungus, it extends hyphae (fungal branches) into the cells to absorbs nutrients
-One fungus makes traps for nematode worms while another fungus has sticky knobs to hold them in place while hyphae penetrate into nematode worm’s body with digestive enzyme and extracellular digestion takes place.
-Protoza does intracellular digestion by initially absorbing the food using endocytosis or phagocytosis. The plasma membrane surrounds the food and ingests it. Then it moves the compound to lysosome to break it down.
- white blood cells also use phagocytosis to kill enemies. Phagocytosis involves proteins and calcium for membrane bilayer to move and fuse.
-Strepococcus is a microbe that has evolved to avoid phagocytosis by using surface receptors.
- A paramecium has food vacuoles for digestion and anal pore for absorbtion
-A hydra only has one opening. It does extracellular digestion in the gastrovascular cavity. On the other hand, humans have two opening which is not an advantage for digesting plants, because we can’t break down cellulose.
-Cellulose is broken down by cellulase, found in baterica and protaozoa. Evolution in animals has caused presence of cellulase, which makes their feces fibrous. The cellulase is found in the caecum.
-Hw about ruminants: a ruminant and cows have a rumen and reticulum that contains microbes that are able to break down cellulose because they have microbes with cellulase
-rabbits eat their fees twice so they have a second chance to absorb nutrients and also cellulase can work properly.
-to go from complex organic molecules to a simple requires digestive enzymes. Salivary glands