Biochemistry Quiz
1. Explain how carbon’s electron configuration and valence result in its ability to form large and complex organic molecules. These covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple bonds, but one carbon atom is limited to only 4 covalent bonds. It can bond with other carbon atoms and different atoms (H, O, N, P, S) to form long chains, ring shaped molecules, and branched/irregular shapes.
2. Explain why the combination hydrocarbon backbone +functional group(s) accounts for the unique functions of macromolecules
3. Define structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers. SI-have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangement of atoms. GI- have the same covalent partnerships but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a carbon-carbon double bond. E- Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
4. Define monomer and polymer. M-Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to form more complex molecules called polymers. P- A polymer may be a natural or synthetic macromolecule comprised of repeating units of a smaller molecule.
5. Describe dehydration (condensation) and hydrolysis reaction. Include a diagram to illustrate both
6. What’s the biological relevance of dehydration and hydrolysis reactions ― that is of being able to assemble polymers from monomers and to disassemble polymers into monomers? Biological polymers (proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids) and lipids are assembled by dehydration synthesis; they are disassembled into their monomers (or into glycerol + fatty acids in the case of lipids) by hydrolysis reactions.
7. Explain why sugars are an essential part of our diet. Your brain can not function without glucose, it is also used for ATP construction within your cells, hence the use of insulin to transport it. But you really need it because without glucose, you won’t be able to think or move.
8. Define hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphatic
2. Explain why the combination hydrocarbon backbone +functional group(s) accounts for the unique functions of macromolecules
3. Define structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers. SI-have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangement of atoms. GI- have the same covalent partnerships but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around a carbon-carbon double bond. E- Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
4. Define monomer and polymer. M-Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to form more complex molecules called polymers. P- A polymer may be a natural or synthetic macromolecule comprised of repeating units of a smaller molecule.
5. Describe dehydration (condensation) and hydrolysis reaction. Include a diagram to illustrate both
6. What’s the biological relevance of dehydration and hydrolysis reactions ― that is of being able to assemble polymers from monomers and to disassemble polymers into monomers? Biological polymers (proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids) and lipids are assembled by dehydration synthesis; they are disassembled into their monomers (or into glycerol + fatty acids in the case of lipids) by hydrolysis reactions.
7. Explain why sugars are an essential part of our diet. Your brain can not function without glucose, it is also used for ATP construction within your cells, hence the use of insulin to transport it. But you really need it because without glucose, you won’t be able to think or move.
8. Define hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphatic