Basella Rubra Fruit Extract
The Effectiveness of Basella rubra (Alugbati) Fruit Extract as a Counterstain in Gram Staining
Investigators:
Astilla, Yasmin Marie
Cala, Maria Victoria Bianca
Ko, Mariell
Lizardo, Francis Dominic
Mariano, Maria Cristina
Querol, Maria Zennah
Quinto, Camille
Rosales, Ana Mariella
Valmonte, Kyla Nicole
Villalon, Gian Angelo
4MT-2
Statement of the Problem
Can Basella rubra fruit extract be used as a counterstain in Gram staining?
Introduction & Background
According to H. J. Croxx, when microscopists first began to use stains in the sixties and seventies, the demand for dyes for this purpose was naturally too small to justify a special source of supply. They therefore had to make use of textile dyes, which were then very crude and were not constant in their composition. Plant-based dyes such as wood, indigo, saffron, and madder were raised commercially and were important trade goods in the economies of Asia and Europe. Across Asia and Africa, patterned fabrics were produced using resist dyeing techniques to control the absorption of color in piece-dyed cloth. Dyes from the New World such as cochineal and logwood were brought to Europe by the Spanish treasure fleets, and the dyestuffs of Europe were carried by colonists to America.
According to Bhuyan and Saikia, After a number of years, however, the demand for biological stains grew which led to the discovery of man-made synthetic dyes which were made from coal tar late in the 19th century ended the large-scale market for natural dyes. Most dyes in current use are chemically synthesized. Besides been expensive, they are also hazardous to human health. Some dye components are carcinogenic or at least strongly allergenic resulting in their withdrawal as their hazard becomes recognized.
One of the most important and widely used staining technique is Gram staining. This was introduced by Christian Gram in 1884. In this process, the fixed smear is subjected to the following staining solution in the following
Investigators:
Astilla, Yasmin Marie
Cala, Maria Victoria Bianca
Ko, Mariell
Lizardo, Francis Dominic
Mariano, Maria Cristina
Querol, Maria Zennah
Quinto, Camille
Rosales, Ana Mariella
Valmonte, Kyla Nicole
Villalon, Gian Angelo
4MT-2
Statement of the Problem
Can Basella rubra fruit extract be used as a counterstain in Gram staining?
Introduction & Background
According to H. J. Croxx, when microscopists first began to use stains in the sixties and seventies, the demand for dyes for this purpose was naturally too small to justify a special source of supply. They therefore had to make use of textile dyes, which were then very crude and were not constant in their composition. Plant-based dyes such as wood, indigo, saffron, and madder were raised commercially and were important trade goods in the economies of Asia and Europe. Across Asia and Africa, patterned fabrics were produced using resist dyeing techniques to control the absorption of color in piece-dyed cloth. Dyes from the New World such as cochineal and logwood were brought to Europe by the Spanish treasure fleets, and the dyestuffs of Europe were carried by colonists to America.
According to Bhuyan and Saikia, After a number of years, however, the demand for biological stains grew which led to the discovery of man-made synthetic dyes which were made from coal tar late in the 19th century ended the large-scale market for natural dyes. Most dyes in current use are chemically synthesized. Besides been expensive, they are also hazardous to human health. Some dye components are carcinogenic or at least strongly allergenic resulting in their withdrawal as their hazard becomes recognized.
One of the most important and widely used staining technique is Gram staining. This was introduced by Christian Gram in 1884. In this process, the fixed smear is subjected to the following staining solution in the following
Bibliography: Braide, W. et al, The Use of Extracts from four local Nigerian plants for the staining of selected bacteria and moulds, January 4, 2011, African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(1), pp. 79-86 Coxx, H Ozela, Eliana Ferreira, Stringheta, Cesar Paulo, and Chauca, Milton Cano, Stability of anthocyanin in spinach vine (Basella rubra) fruits, 2007, Cien. Inv. Agr. 34 (2):115-120.