How far were the divisions among its opponents responsible for the survival of the Tsarist rule in the years 1881-1905?…
Throughout the period 1855 to 1954, opposition to Russian governments was a common occurrence due to dissatisfaction of many civilians’ lives and the lack of development seen throughout Russia. However, as much as there were some successful movements throughout 1905 such as the Bolsheviks gaining support and eventually gaining power, there were also several failed attempts due to intense use of violence, terror and censorship by the state. It is arguable that whether opposition was successful, merely came down to the strength of the opposition group or the weakness of the government in power.…
How far were the divisions among its opponents responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years 1881-1905?…
In 1905 the massacre of innocent people during a peaceful protest outside the winter palace in St Petersburg sparked the start of a nationwide revolution. This mass murder of the innocent protestors became known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. During the revolution strikes occurred across the nation involving more than 400,000 people, peasants attacked and raided the homes of their landlords and the Tsar’s uncle, the Grand Duke Sergei, was assassinated. Although Bloody Sunday was the immediate reason for the revolution, there were several causes which had caused long term grievances towards the Tsarist regime among the population of Russia leading up to 1905. These include the developments in the countryside and the lives of the peasants, the treatment of the inner-city working class and ethnic minorities, the repression and growth of the political opposition and the impact of the Russo Japanese war. Although all these factors contributed to the initiation of a revolution in Russia, I believe that the attitudes towards and treatment of the working class and the peasants was the most prominent reason for the uprising in 1905.…
To what extent did the Tsarist and Soviet regimes rely on terror and repression to maintain order and control between1855-1964?…
How successful was the tsarist regime in overcoming opposition in the years 1863 to 1894? (24 marks)…
Evaluate the role of individuals in bringing about the changing influence of the Russian Communist Party, 1905-1945. – Jacob Marshall-Grint…
After the 1905 revolution Russia was in need of reforms both economically and politically, to allow it maintain its role of a great power and to prevent another revolution occurring the answer to this was the October Manifesto. However, due to the stubbornness of the Tsar who was determined not to relinquish his autocratic powers, what may have appeared as reforms were largely superficial making little change in particular to the Russian political system.…
But Witte still needed to get loans from abroad due to the lack of capital. This helped to increase foreign investments and business confidence. In addition it helped the currency fo not having ups and downs.Finally a new rouble…
The Tsarist system of government underwent many changes throughout the years of 1881-1914. Both Alexander III and Nicholas II created several modifications, being both good and bad, to the government during these years. Alexander III created mostly negative changes, due to him being seen as a reactionary, whereas Nicholas II created mainly positive changes to the government as a result of the 1905 revolution. These changes can be categorised into political, economic and social modifications.…
The reign of Alexander III (1881-1894) showed the Tsarist system of government with little modification. Alexander III was a conservative who believed in autocratic power of the Tsar. He openly stated his belief in the "power and right of autocratic government". During his reign, Tsarist tyranny reached its high-water mark. The autocratic policy and reforms brought about much discontent in the country with no modernisation what so ever, his main focus on maintaining autocratic rule. His policy and reforms included the strict supervision of the universities, the suppression of liberal newspapers, religious and racial persecution, and the repression of revolutionaries meaning that little change could take place. In spite of…
How successful was opposition to the tsarist regime between 1861 and 1881 in achieving its aims?…
While in theory , the manner in which Russia was ruled undertook a considerable overhaul following the 1917 revolution . In reality the Country was governed with the Tsar and general security remaining as the ultimate authority with no real development occurring. Methods of oppression , propaganda and abusing civil rights were paramount in the rulings of all of the leaders be it Tsar or Communist. The largest change in the way in which Russia was ruled can be seen in the changing economy moving from open trade in the 1800's to the strict state capitalism of the 1900's. However few reforms had a direct impact in the way Russia was ruled thus meaning there was more continuity than change in the period 1855 to 1964.…
Kropotkin wrote a great essay called “Emancipating the Serfs (1861). In that essay he gave great statistics about emancipation, he said that around 30 million of serfs received their freedom and around 90 million acres of land were distributed among the serfs. However, even though these numbers favor serfs, it doesn’t mean that it actually favors them. Peasants were still under obligation to their landowners, they were forced to pay rent for their land after two-year initial hiatus. They had to keep paying rent until value of land was covered by the rent. In general it still benefited the elite class because they appraised their lands for really high values, which caused many serfs to fail to pay it off. Then in class we slowly shifted toward…
One reform that Alexander lll didn’t reverse was the freedom of the serfs. Alexander ll emancipated the serfs during his reign in 1861, he did this so Russia’s economy can grow, and become more like a western country. Serfdom needed to ended for Russia’s economy to grow, because it prevented the growth of Russian industry, obstructed the free flow of labour and it restricted enterprise. With Serfdom in Russia, the economy couldn’t develop, so it was stuck in a LEDCs economy, with agriculture being the main part of its economy. Alexander lll didn’t reverse this reform, because he also wanted Russia’s economy to grow like his predecessor Alexander ll.…