Preview

Aspects of Meaning

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
442 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Aspects of Meaning
Jubayr zakariyya
Aspects of meaning assignment 1

The experiment that has been conducted, and written about in the paper 'The representation of polysemous words', by Devorah Klein and Gregory Murphy, endeavours to uncover the degrees to which different senses of polysemous words use the same or diverse kind of representations. Whilst homonyms from a linguistic perspective, are groups of words that share the same orthographical and phonological characteristics, yet do not share the same semantic meaning. There are a number of theoretical perspectives pertaining to the root cause of how two separate word meanings are able to converge on the same phonological representation, or how a single word is able to separate into diverse and separate semantic meanings.
But the term 'polysemy' refers to something that is intrinsically more complex, and as Klein and Murphy have noted in their paper, more problematical in terms of defining its root source and in which ways are the senses related and represented. What Klein and Murphy mean by this, and have studied in this paper, is the process in which words semantically relate to one another, through a process of extension. Yet unlike homonyms, polysemous words do not have lexically separate meanings, which leads to the questions of whether polysemous words have a single represented sense that can be accounted for every use of a word, how can they be linked in memory, and how are they co-ordinated in processing. Klein and Murphy aim to 'provide data that will constrain accounts of the representation and processing of polysemy'(Klein and Murphy (2001)).
The first experiment that was conducted entailed the use of memory performance in order to measure the representation of polysemous senses. it was particularly looking at whether people were more familiar with a same sense or a different sense than the original presentation given. the results showed that same phrase items were the most precisely evaluated, which was

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    The multi-store model of memory is the beginning of understanding the memory, so it has been influential on many experiments and research conducted on memory. Experiments have been inducted by Sperling using a tachistoscope to prove the duration of the sensory registry and evidence from Peterson and Peterson about the duration of the STM memory by giving participants trigrams, the evidence for encoding in the LTM is shown by Baddeley (1966) who investigated coding in the STM and LTM memory. The multi-store model of memory has also been useful to explain real life things such as primacy effect, for example an interviewer making their first impressions on an interviewee. Case studies are based on people in real life with real…

    • 570 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The multi store model of memory was developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), it is proposed that memory was not a single process but involved more than one stage and more than one kind of memory, the different stages of memory operate together. These stages include sensory memory, Short term memory and long term memory, Information is said to pass through each stage in a fixed sequence. There are limitations of capacity and duration at each separate stage. The first stage of the model is the sensory memory, which the information received is usually visual or auditory. In the sensory memory there is a limited ability to store information. This information will either decay or pass on to the short term memory if it is paid attention to. Short term memory contains a considerably small amount of information that is in active use. The encoding that takes place here is mainly visual and acoustic. If information is not rehearsed and therefore may not be recalled, it will have been displaced from the short term memory. If information is rehearsed if will then be passed onto the long term memory store, where it may remain for as long as a lifetime. According to this model of memory, long term memory has a potentially immeasurable capacity and duration. The type of encoding is semantic, loss of information is possible form this store through decay or interference.…

    • 420 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    the depth of processing has on the ability to recall words. Research has shown that semantic…

    • 1577 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Theory of Meaning

    • 2391 Words
    • 11 Pages

    Nursing is a profession that is ever-evolving due to many factors such as changes in…

    • 2391 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    This report will discuss an experiment to study the relationship of short-term memory and long-term memory of related words and unrelated words. Everyone has different capabilities within memory, some people have a good short term memory and bad long term memory…

    • 1207 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Numerous studies have been conducted seeking to understand human memory. For some time it was believed and widely accepted that memory operated in a multistore approach (Craik & Lockhart, 1972). This approach comprised of memory going through three levels: sensory storage which is when information is stored whether someone is paying attention to the information or not, short-term memory (STM) which is when information can be recalled in a short amount of time, and long-term memory (LTM) which is when information can be recalled after a considerable amount of time (Craik & Lockhart, 1972). While the multistore approach did address the overall structure of memory, it was not without its criticisms, such as, the exact amount of information that…

    • 139 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Memory has the ability to retain information or to recover information from previous experiences. The shortest memory storage last for only a fraction of a second. Such sensory memories are considered as an integral part of the process of perceiving. Both vision and hearing then appear to have a later but temporary storage stage which might perhaps be termed short- term auditory and visual memory (Baddeley, 2002). This experiment was based on measuring memory span of simple and compound words. The Word length effect has a great impact on recall. According to Baddeley (1971), immediate recall for short words was better than that of long words. However it can be suggested that participants recalled simple words quicker than compound words. According to Baddeley (1971), Verbal memory decay over time and fewer long words can be…

    • 1285 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    levels of processing

    • 2323 Words
    • 10 Pages

    An experiment was conducted to test the levels of processing of Craik and Lockhart. This experiment aimed to find out if the three different levels of processing i.e orthographic, phonemic and semantic will affect the recall of words. Participants who were 109 first year undergraduate psychology students were presented with 30 list of words one at a time which comprised of the three different levels processing and at the end were given free recall. The data was collected and analysed. The hypothesis stated that the Semantic processing will have more of a positive effect on recall and the null hypothesis stated that there will be no difference between the levels of recall. A within subject ANOVA was used to do a priori comparison of the 3 variables and the results show that the mean of semantic processing was 5.35 which is higher than that of the other 2 variables. Therefore the hypothesis was accepted and the null hypothesis was rejected.…

    • 2323 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Craik and Tulving (1975) conducted a study which aimed to investigate how these different types of processing, semantic and physical, affected the accuracy of memory recall. The study looked at the depth of processing which involved two tasks, a superficial task in which the participants were asked about the physical characteristics of a given stimulus word and a semantic task in which the participants were asked a question in which they had to process the information at a more complex level. The results were derived from an unannounced memory test within which participants were instructed to recall as many words as they were able to, these findings…

    • 948 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    There are 3 research methods can be used in cognitive level of analysis. They are lab…

    • 1151 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The present articles focus is on the effect of verbal and visual stimuli on memory. Verbal and visual stimuli have profound influence on our cognitive processes and perception. Twenty participants were split into 2 groups, 10 picture accompanied and 10 non-picture accompanied. The non-picture group were read a list of 10 words (5 concrete and 5 abstract) and then asked to free recall. The picture group were also read a list of 10 picture accompanied words (5 concrete and 5 abstract) and asked to free recall. The hypothesis was not supported, as results were insignificant for remembering a picture word verus a non-picture word. There was also no change in results when the word was either concrete or abstract. Effects of Verbal and Visual…

    • 1159 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Example Research Paper

    • 1667 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Past research using recall-testing (Noble, 1952; Radvansky, Gibson, & McNerney, 2011; Rockway & Duncan, 1952; Watkins & LeCompte, 1991) studied how well people can retain information. Radvansky, et al., (2011) found that among four experiments performed, when individuals had another sense manipulated, sense of sight, the individuals were able to retain words from the word list presented to them. The best perception that increased memory retention was the aspect of colors (Radvansky, et al.,…

    • 1667 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Aim – To test the Levels of Processing theory, and see if words processed semantically had better recall than words processed phonetically or structurally.…

    • 8802 Words
    • 36 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The multistore model of memory (R Atkinson and R Shiffrin 1968) suggests that memory is constructed of three separate stores; sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Evidence to support the limited duration of the sensory store was collected by Sperling(1960). In this study participants were shown a set of digits for 50 milliseconds then asked to recall them recall was higher when participants were asked to remember less words. This shows that the information that gets stored in sensory memory decays rapidly. Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) produced a study to back up the distinction between STM and LTM. They did this by using a serial recall test, they discovered that participants remembered most of the words from the beginning and the end of the list. This was because words at the beginning of the list a recalled more effectively to be placed in LTM however the words at the end of the list were more recent and stored in STM for participants to recall. The multi memory store model make the process of memory oversimplified, since the first suggestion of it in 1968 many other psychologists have elaborated on the model as new technologies have become available…

    • 416 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the relapse models that were utilised, circumstance model impacts were constantly evaluated after phonetic impacts, for example, contention cover had been considered (Morley, & Stephenson, 2015). The proof demonstrated that situational cover affected understanding notwithstanding when printed relations were considered. Proceeding with this line of thought, later work on grounded insight has over and over made the point that etymological variables, (for example, co-event of semantic developments) assume a part in cognizance. This thought relationship between representations are shaped through co-event of etymological developments is fundamental to current…

    • 1006 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics