Preview

AQA Biology B1 Past Paper Questions Wit

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
19231 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
AQA Biology B1 Past Paper Questions Wit
Q1. Read the information about the trialling of the first contraceptive pill. The Pill was developed by a team of scientists led by Gregory Pincus. The team needed to carry out large scale trials on humans.
In the summer of 1955, Pincus visited the island of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Officials supported birth control as a form of population control. The women in Puerto Rico were mainly poor and uneducated.
The scientists selected a pill with a high dose of hormones. The Pill was found to be 100 % effective when taken properly. But 17 % of the women in the study complained of side effects.
The women in the trial had been told only that they were taking a drug that prevented pregnancy. They had not been told that the Pill was experimental or that there was a chance of dangerous side effects.

Evaluate the issues involved with methods used by Pincus in trialling the contraceptive pill.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Morning After Pill

    • 866 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Although, one should also consider the fact that abuse might occur. There has not been any research conducted on the side effects of such an incident. For example, some women might abuse the pill through multiple uses, possibly…

    • 866 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    These essays have much evidence to support their claims. Zuger’s use of a personal experience is very heart-felt and passionate. There is no doubt to her claim and support. The only downside to this claim is that this could have just been to the one specific person, not necessarily everyone who takes this pill is going to end up in…

    • 1203 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The greatest advantage of using the pill, when used properly, it is nearly 100% effective. Other advantages include: Doesn't interfere with sexual spontaneity (no interruptions such as with use of a condom). The pill may have some healthful side effects such as reduced risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, benign ovarian cysts, and fibrocystic breast growths. The pill also regularizes menstrual cycles and reduces menstrual cramping and other issues pertaining to menstruation. The combination pill reduces the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer even after its discontinued use (Gnagy et al., 2000; Hatcher, 2001; Narod et al., 1998). One other advantage that works in favor for Tina and Dan is that the use of the pill is not permanent; it may temporarily reduce fertility after discontinued use. Nine out of 10 women begin ovulating regularly within 3 months of suspending use (Reinesch, 1990).…

    • 889 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    However, most of the methods have side effects. Ranging from just breast tenderness to fatal conditions such as stroke and breast cancer. This means many other factors must be taken into consideration before opting for a particular hormonal method. These include age, lifestyle, medical history, somatotype and socio-economic well-being. These factors have an even greater important for hormonal methods containing oestrogen. This is since oestrogen is thought to increase the risk of blood clots and blood pressure. This can make it quite dangerous for some individuals to use. On the other hand, the progestin only methods can be used by a much wider array of individuals offering a much safer alternative. They can be used by women that breast feed, are smokers over age of 35, have high blood pressure etc. Again, these factors must be accounted for as they will affect the type of contraception used. Resultantly affecting the side-affects experienced for e.g. increased chance of blood clots, increased blood pressure, diabetes, depression and in some cases even cause irreversible decrease in bone…

    • 1341 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Plan B Essay

    • 504 Words
    • 3 Pages

    This article relates to the Topic of contraception in Human sexuality, and with these ruling it can mean changes that other may what to follow. As stated in the discussion in Human sexuality the pill is an emergency contraception that is used after a couple has unprotected sex. The pill works in a way that it delays the release of the unfertilized egg in a woman. Although the egg is not fertilized there is still…

    • 504 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Around 75,000 women have used Essure Birth Control to prevent pregnancy because the women do not want children (Garchitorena, Mia). Although Essure birth control is an implant birth control for women who do not want children, it has damaged over 28,000 women’s lives because of all the pain it put the women through. Women should think more in depth about getting this implant, because it shortens fetuses and the mother’s life spans, difficulties after the implant and while it is inside the person and causes deaths between the mother and the baby.…

    • 1350 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    compared to other forms of birth control. It is much more safe than the risks, complications and…

    • 340 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Pharmaceutical Sellers

    • 75 Words
    • 1 Page

    Many Americans believe that a pill can solve every problem in the world. Many Americans are not properly educated when getting prescribed pills. Pills can be very dangerous and can lead to many problems late in life. Pharmaceutical sellers need to check and provide an 100% accurate source of information about the pill they are about to prescribe. Pharmaceutical sellers also need to make sure a pill is the last resort to solving a problem.…

    • 75 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    What unethical research behavior was involved? Bayer the maker of Yasmin and Yaz birth control pills has had several research studies that indicated several results. The use of drospirenone in the birth control showed to cause venous thromboembolism, which are blood clots that could be very deadly, even in young healthy women. Yasmin and Yaz warnings did not include the risk of thromboembolism. Therefore, patients were unaware of the risk and were not able to make sound decisions about the birth controls. Two studies were conducted, one by the British Medical Association, where researcher found a twofold increased risk of non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women using drospirenone-containing contraceptives. The second studied, based on data from the British General Practice Research Database, found a threefold increased risk. Over all in the end researchers described the overall risk as low for patients (Burger, 2011).…

    • 932 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Placebo Effect

    • 801 Words
    • 4 Pages

    There may be high occurrences of adverse side effects in patients receiving the placebo in double blind drug trials. According to a study by Mondaini et al. (2007), patients who were informed about the adverse sexual side effects of a prostate medication and were given placebos, reported significantly higher levels of erectile dysfunction and decreased libido than those who did not receive such…

    • 801 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Birth control has been a topic that has been the source of many debates over the past several years. By understanding the psychological and social factors that are involved with this product will help to explain why it has been a sensitive topic for so many people. The perception of birth control is that it encourages sexual relations prior to marriage. Most parents do not agree with the idea of giving their teenage daughters birth control because they believe it enables them to have sex. In reality, teenagers are going to do what they want whether or not they are given birth control. This product’s main purpose is to be a preventative for pregnancy but it also has many other uses. Birth control is used to regulate a woman’s menstrual cycle, reduce acne, reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, and a preventative for ovarian cyst formation (Weimar, 2012). It is also used for controlling endometriosis, which is a condition where tissue from the uterus grows in other areas of the body, such as ovaries, bowel or bladder (Weimar, 2012).…

    • 1195 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Most women have taken it, or know someone who has taken it. And as for men, at least have had a girlfriend who has taken it. But we never think of how it works, or where it comes from. Think about it...."How does a tiny pill prevent pregnancy?". Birth control methods date all the way back to 384 BC, when Aristotle was thought to be the first person to use chemicals such as cedar oil, lead ointment, or frankincense oil as spermicides. If you look at the timeline on my first website, you can read some pretty wacky ideas to prevent a baby. But not until the 1900s, we were able to come up with the idea of using hormones to "trick" the body to think it was already pregnant. Therefore, the female would not ovulate at all.…

    • 355 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    There are sexual activities that are not planned that risk pregnancy. The next benefit derive from the use of these pills is that they are very effective thus can be relied upon in cases of emergency. In fact, the effectiveness rate of the pill s is 90% within 24 hours after unprotected sex. Women should not be afraid of the health effects sine the pills are approved by the world health organization. However, theses pills have some side effects.…

    • 363 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Plan B: Pros and Cons

    • 1284 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Today, there is a growing concern on the use of the Plan B Pill (the morning after contraceptive pill) as a method of birth control. The pill was approve by FDA in 1999, so although the Plan B contraceptive pill is not a new idea to society, it is igniting many debates here in the United States. Henry Mathews believes that this form of birth control has become a more safe and effective way to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The Plan B pill is comprised of higher doses of the same hormones found in typical birth control pills. When taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex, Plan B significantly reduces the risk of pregnancy. Even though this method of preventing pregnancy stirred controversy mainly with Pro-Life advocates, the thought of the new pill is a very smart could help solve possible unwanted pregnancies. Though many people will not agree, the pill is becoming more popular, and will eventually be the solve of most pregnancy problems.…

    • 1284 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the United States, half of all pregnancies are unplanned. This is where emergency contraceptives come into play. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration, the Plan B pill is used as a backup plan after unprotected sex or birth control failure. According to the Plan B One-Step website, taking the pill in the first 72 hours this pill in 89 percent effective on preventing the fertilization of an egg. However, taking Plan B in the first 24 hours has the highest effectiveness. The Plan B pill is sold over-the-counter and there’s no prescription needed for men or women over the age of seventeen. It’s because of this over-the-counter availability that some people are concerned. There’s a debate going on whether or not the Plan B pill should be over-the-counter or a prescription drug. It has been an issue in the FDA for over five years now and still the conflict goes on. On the side for prescription Plan B, researchers focus on birth control needing a prescription and the safety of self-administration. On the side for over-the-counter status, researchers focus on condoms not needing a prescription and seeking help from pharmacists instead of doctors.…

    • 916 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays