Apush Chapter 1 Summary

APUSH Study Guide
Pre-Colonial America
Pre-Columbian
3 most advanced civilizations: Incas, Mayas, Aztecs
European Exploration
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): “Line of Demarcation” (division of the Americas into two equal parts for Spain and Portugal to share – Spain, west; Portugal, east) moved further west since it was unfavorable to Spain and Portugal had a stronger navy  Brazil becomes Portuguese colony and Spain maintained claims to rest of Americas
Reasons for Colonization: money, power, resources, spice trade
Major European Movements: crusades (religious tension), Renaissance (discoveries in science), growth of power of monarchy (power = land & resources and slavery), Scientific Revolution (people able to explore and learn more;
Jonathan Edwards – “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
Message about personal repentance and faith in Jesus for salvation from certain eternity in hell
George Whitefield
Most dynamic preacher who spoke to crowds of up to 30,000
Results of the Great Awakening
Religious communities divided
“Old Lights” – rejected Awakening
“New Lights” – accepted Awakening
Colleges founded (current-day Ivy Leagues) to train New-Light ministers
Fostered greater readiness to lay claims of established religious authority with Biblical fixed standard and reject any claims if wanted
Albany Plan
Delegates from seven colonies met in Albany to discuss common plans for defense (French and Indian War)
Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin for intercolonial government
“Join or Die”
No support for idea by other colonies
Important precedent for concept of uniting in face of common enemy
Second Great Awakening
Another religious revival
Greatest preacher: Charles Grandison Finney
“anxious bench” (repentant sinners sit in full view of congregation and women pray aloud in public)
Denounced alcohol and slavery
Women involvement in church membership and theology
Middle-class women = first and most fervent enthusiasts of religious
2 (can trade with Britain and France if they repeal commercial restrictions), American suspicion that the British were arming Native Americans in Canada (“scalp buyers”)
Only way to wipe out Indians  capture Canada
Effects: DC burned (by the British), Star Spangled Banner, Jackson = war hero, Treaty of Ghent (armistice – simply agreed to stop fighting), new navy ironsides, nationalism, end of Fed Party (Hartford Convention), Emergence of North v South (Missouri Compromise)
Americans divided by idea of war
New England = pro-British
Middle/South = pro-French
Louisiana