Ap Psychology Mid-Term Exam Review
Chapter One↬
Humanism: Potential, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
Psychodynamic: Sigmund Freud, Unconscious, Repressed Memories
Behaviorism: B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, Environment, Reinforcement
Cognitive: Thoughts, Internal Sentences
Biopsychology: Hormones, Neurotransmitters
Socio-Cultural: Religion, Race, Environment
Wilhelm Wundt: First Psychology Lab, Structuralism, Introspection
Eclecticism: Combination Approach, Multiple Perspective
Gestalt: Whole Person, Max Wertheimer
Charles Darwin: Animal-Human Connection
William James: Functionalism, First Psychology Textbook
Chapter Two↬
Hypothesis: Statement to Prove, Contains both IV and DV
Control Group: Placebo, Does not get the IV
Independent Variable (IV): Causes the Result
Dependant Variable (DV): Is Measured
Experimental Group: Given the IV
Confounding Variable: Extraneous, Try to get rid of these
Statistical Significance: .05, p-value
Central Tendency: Statement to Prove
Variability: Standard Deviation, Range, Variance
Correlation: Relationship, Coefficient
Normal Distribution: Mean=Median, 68%
Inferential Statistics: Sampling Error, Generalizes to the Larger Population
Statistically No Relation: 0.00
Statistically a Strong Relation: -.85
Statistically a Weak Relation: +.35
Double Blind Study: Researcher and Participant are unaware of the IV distribution Hawthorne Effect: Subject’s expectation hurts the experiment results
Naturalistic Observation: No interaction with the subject
Survey: Subject is questioned
Case Study: Research subject’s past
Field Study: Opposite of Laboratory Experiments
Chapter Three↬
Dendrites: receives incoming messages
Axon: carries messages away
Terminal Buttons: vesicles that contain neurotransmitters, end of the axon
Neurotransmitters: Serotonin, AcH
Myelin Sheath: protects the axon
Soma: Cell body, Nucleus
Synapse: space between neurons
Action Potential: All or nothing
Afferent Nerves: towards the brain
Efferent Nerves: away
Humanism: Potential, Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
Psychodynamic: Sigmund Freud, Unconscious, Repressed Memories
Behaviorism: B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, Environment, Reinforcement
Cognitive: Thoughts, Internal Sentences
Biopsychology: Hormones, Neurotransmitters
Socio-Cultural: Religion, Race, Environment
Wilhelm Wundt: First Psychology Lab, Structuralism, Introspection
Eclecticism: Combination Approach, Multiple Perspective
Gestalt: Whole Person, Max Wertheimer
Charles Darwin: Animal-Human Connection
William James: Functionalism, First Psychology Textbook
Chapter Two↬
Hypothesis: Statement to Prove, Contains both IV and DV
Control Group: Placebo, Does not get the IV
Independent Variable (IV): Causes the Result
Dependant Variable (DV): Is Measured
Experimental Group: Given the IV
Confounding Variable: Extraneous, Try to get rid of these
Statistical Significance: .05, p-value
Central Tendency: Statement to Prove
Variability: Standard Deviation, Range, Variance
Correlation: Relationship, Coefficient
Normal Distribution: Mean=Median, 68%
Inferential Statistics: Sampling Error, Generalizes to the Larger Population
Statistically No Relation: 0.00
Statistically a Strong Relation: -.85
Statistically a Weak Relation: +.35
Double Blind Study: Researcher and Participant are unaware of the IV distribution Hawthorne Effect: Subject’s expectation hurts the experiment results
Naturalistic Observation: No interaction with the subject
Survey: Subject is questioned
Case Study: Research subject’s past
Field Study: Opposite of Laboratory Experiments
Chapter Three↬
Dendrites: receives incoming messages
Axon: carries messages away
Terminal Buttons: vesicles that contain neurotransmitters, end of the axon
Neurotransmitters: Serotonin, AcH
Myelin Sheath: protects the axon
Soma: Cell body, Nucleus
Synapse: space between neurons
Action Potential: All or nothing
Afferent Nerves: towards the brain
Efferent Nerves: away