Chapter 4
Ancient Greece
Study Guide
Epic Poem- long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero
Arete- The level of excellence heroes strived for
Minoans- Had ships that took Knossos to Egypt; first Greek city state
Mycenaeans- People believed destruction was a cause of this mainland group of Greeks; first Greek civilization
Homer- Composed epic poems. Wrote the Lliad and the Odyssey
Aegean Sea- Sea that the Greeks sailed on in early ages
Black Sea- Sea that Greeks sailed across to make contact to outside world
Crete- Island southeast of Greek mainland
Ionia- Strip of territory on the Western shores of Asia Minor; between Greek and Persian empire; constantly under siege
Dark Ages- (1100-750) Time where Greek population and food production declined. Not much info.
Polis- A Greek city-state
Acropolis- The top of a hill where the Greeks went to for refuge
Agora- An open area (market place)
Hoplites- Armed foot infantry soldiers
Phalanx- A military formation
Democracy- A gov’t led by people of rule or many
Oligarchy- Rule by the few
Helots- The people captured by the Spartans
Ephors- A group of 5 men that were responsible for education
Aristotle- A Greek philosopher that argued against the politic rights
Solon- A reform-minded aristocrat that canceled land debts and freed people ; not give land
Cleisthenes- A reformer that gained an upper hand after Solon
Athens- A very unified polis by the 700 BC
Hellespont- A city that the Greeks set up
Bosporus- A city the Greeks set up
Byzantium- The most notable city of the Greeks
Sparta- A war-based territory around 730 BC
Age of Pericles- The period of Greek and Athenian history
Direct Democracy- Where people participate directly in government-decision making
Ostracism- The practice of abandoning a person to protect themselves
Darius- A Persian ruler who had to do with the Ionian revolt
Xerxes- The leader of the Persians destroyed the Greeks
Delian League- A defensive alliance against the Persians
Pericles- A dominant Athenian politician
Great Peloponnesian War- A war against the Athenians and the Spartans
Asia Minor- A place where most Greek cities lie
Delos- The area where the Delian League headquarters were
Thebes- A Greek power that struggled for domination
Macedonia- A power that the Greeks ruefully ignored
Ritual- ceremonies or rites
Oracle- sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed future
Tragedy- first type of Greek dramas; presented in three trilogies
Philosophy- organized system of thoughts
Socratic method- uses a question-and-answer format to lead pupils to use their own reason
Aeschylus- Composed the Oresteia trilogy
Sophocles- The playwright of the most famous play Oedipus Rex
Pythagoras- Taught that the essence of the universe could be found in music and numbers
Socrates- a sculptor whose true love was philosophy; critics of the Sophists
Plato- Socrates students; considered greatest philosopher
Aristotle- student of Aristotle; didn’t accept Pluto’s theory of ideal forms
Thucydides- considered to be the greatest historian of the world
Delphi- Place dedicated to the god Apollo
Gulf of Corinth- the gulf that the most famous oracle looks over
Hellenistic Era- “to imitate Greeks” new age created by Alexander
Epicureanism- philosophy created by Epicuruspursuit of happiness-only true good
Stoicism- philosophy by Zeno happiness found by living in harmony with the will of God
Phillip II- (359 BC) powerful army and turned Macedonia into chief power of Greek world
Alexander the Great- great and young king. Conquered many countries including Persia Empire
Eratosthenes- astronomerdetermined that Earth was round and calculated Earth’s circumference
Euclid- mathematicianwrote geometry textbook “The Elements “
Archimedes- established the value of pi
Iliad-battle of Troy and Sparta
Odyssey- 300 soldiers that destroyed thousands of Persians
Achilles- main hero in the Iliad invincible except for ankle
Odysseus- main hero in the odyssey achieved arête through competition
| Minoans | Mycenaeans | Spartans | Athenians | Environment 1. Location 2. Factors | 1. Crete 2. Tidal waves | 1. Peloponnesus 2. Earthquakes | 1. Peloponnesus 2. Farming | 1. Attica 2. Lack of fertile land | Movement 1. Origin 2. Trade | 1. Unknown 2. Sea trading empire | 1. Indo-European 2. Pottery | 1. Greek-speaking invaders 2. Trade discouraged | 1. Greek-speaking invaders 2. Pottery | Regionalism 1. Government 2. Values, interests, beliefs | 1. King 2. Sports, nature | 1. Monarchies forming a loose alliance of independent states 2. Heroic deeds | 1. Military state, oligarchy 2. Discipline, military arts | 1. Oligarchy, direct democracy 2. Philosophy, art, theatre, architecture | Conflict 1. With other Greeks 2. With foreign invaders | 1. Invaded by Mycenaeans | 1. Conquered Minoans 2. Fell to Greek-speaking invaders | 1. Conquered other Greeks, fought Athenians 2. Fought Persians, Macedonians | 1. Fought Spartans 2. Fought Persians, Macedonians |
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
Persia and Greece were beautiful and prosperous empires and where the most influential of their time. In this essay I will talk about the two main empires’ political structures and their economy and I will also state similarities and differences between the two empires. The two empires’ political structures might have varied greatly but their economies were very similar. Even though they had differences and had major battles they were still the ideal empires of their time.…
- 697 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
Definitions: On a separate sheet of paper, define the following words/phrases and discuss the significant of each…
- 264 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
10. Where did the author (and others) first get a clue that there was an issue surrounding Ishi’s brain?…
- 681 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
Between 1607 and 1763, the British North American colonies developed experience in, and the expectation of self government in the political, religious, economic and social aspects of life.…
- 2478 Words
- 10 Pages
Powerful Essays -
Sparta had promised Persia the Ionian cities for its help in defeating Athens. This was a traitorous bargain, which subjected Ionian Greeks to Persian rule, and negated the victories of the Persian wars…
- 8124 Words
- 23 Pages
Powerful Essays -
The alliance of the Persian Empire, ruled by Cyrus the Great, was a major threat to the states of Greece. The solution of the clash between the East and the West was to create the entire future for the region. It was a question of survival for the Greeks; however, for the Persians, occupying Greece was the main focus of the plan. Nonetheless, the Persian Wars were important because the final result was the separation of Greece and the Near East. There was the first Persian war in 490 BC, but the Persians were routed. As they took on a new approach ten years later, the second Persian war unraveled.…
- 1239 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
The Persians were a brutish people, who wanted nothing more than to conquer and ruin the Greek way of life. The Persians played the Greek city-states against one another in order to inhibit success against their attacks. The Ionian Greeks were conquered by these barbarians, and their way of life was threatened. The Greek's freedom was perishing, while the power of the Persian's continued to expand. The Persians were a tolerant empire with strong leaders and some autonomy though they restricted the Ionian Greek's autonomy to make their lives easier, then pitting the Greek city-states against each other in order to have influence within Greek culture once again, though the defeat of the Persians was a crucial victory for the Greeks, because…
- 294 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
The Classical empires such as Han China of 206 BCE - 220 CE and Rome of 31 BCE - 476 CE had similar and different means of imperial administration. Both empires focused on maintaing a bureacracy in addition a centralized administration. However they both differed in their resistence to govern. Yet both empires were successful.…
- 259 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
The revolts of a few Greek cities of Ionia were what initially sparked the Persians interest in Athens, Attica and the Peloponnese. When Athens sent a small fleet in support of the Ionian rebels they immediately gave Persia a new target for further expansion. The failure of the revolts and the ruin of Sardis and Miletus shocked the Greek world. The Persians now thought, "if Miletus had been the glory of subject Greece, Athens was the golden gate to free Hellas. A bauble, perhaps, beside the treasures of the empire, but a tempting one." Now not only did the Persian king Darius want revenge against the Athenians he wanted the entire Greek world to be integrated into the Persian Empire.…
- 1421 Words
- 4 Pages
Better Essays -
The fall of the Roman Democracy, the Persian invasion of Greece and the harsh conditions the Mesopotamians survived through. Yet all of those cultures continued to survive for a long time before dying out. The Minoans died out so quickly because of not only a catastrophic event; but also that event destroying their land, rendering them unable to farm and completely destroying their faith in their gods and leaders. The physical and psychological damage combined are what kept the Minoans from bouncing back. They Mycenaeans saw an opening in the Minoans, and they took advantage of the failing civilization. The Mycenaeans conquered the Minoans, and rather quickly the Minoan way of live disappeared into Mycenaean…
- 648 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
The first great civilization on mainland Greece actually bloomed in the demise of the Minoan Civilisation. The Mycenaean Civilisation (1900 – 1100 BC) is also known as the Achaean Civilisation. This is due to the Indo-European migrants, who not only settled on mainland Greece but also adapted to the Minoan way of living.…
- 466 Words
- 2 Pages
Good Essays -
Persia, known as Iran, was the largest empire the world had ever seen by the 5th century B.C.E. The name Iran derives from the word “Asyran,” and during the first half of the first millennium, the Iranian-speaking people moved gradually into the area of the Zagros Mountains, the largest groups known as the Medes and Persians. According the author of The Greek and Persian Wars 499-386 BC by Philip de Souza, The Persians were part of a group of ancient peoples who spoke languages similar to modern Iranian (Souza, Pg. 19). The origin of the Persian Empire can be attributed to the leadership of Cyrus the Great. A brilliant and powerful Persian king, he enlarged nearby islands and united them into one empire. Cyrus was able to create a vast empire that would last more than two hundred years. As time went by, the Greek city-states were under the rule of the Persians. The Persian wars began. But what was the Persian war? According to the “Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Greece”, it was a serious of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire. Greece was invaded twice during the Persian wars. The wars with Greece and Persia were a result due to rebellion, but who won the war?…
- 1102 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
Oared warships, lie at the heart of the Hellenic civilization 's history of which the Trireme is the most famous. In the seventh and sixth centuries BC they transported the colonists from their mother cities to all parts of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. In 480 BC the Greeks won possibly their most significant battle against the much larger Persian fleet in the narrow waters of Salamis. Athens supremacy at sea was founded upon the crucial role that she played in the victory. The skilled use of the triremes enabled her to win, and maintain for some decades, supremacy over some of her former allies. But who were the ancient Greeks and what is the Hellenic civilization?…
- 3378 Words
- 14 Pages
Powerful Essays -
When the United States of America were establishing, there were many conflicts, battles, and wars that followed to achieve their independence. One of those wars was the war of 1812, in which the United States fought against Britain. The war of 1812 had a major effect on the future of our country.…
- 974 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
Helmuth von Moltke-Was the chief architect of the operational stratergy during the Austro –Prussian War. Served as Chief of staff of the Army following the Prussian constitutional crisis of the 1860s. Due to his military strategy the Austro-Prussian war lasted three weeks with the Austrian defeat at Königgrätz.…
- 4076 Words
- 14 Pages
Good Essays