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Chapter 19-The French Revolution Review Sheet

1. % and members of each Estate
1st Estate-CLERGY--.5%
2nd Estate-NOBLES—1.5%
3rd Estate-bourgeoisie, peasants, & city workers

2. Causes of financial crisis in France
-warsloans with interest
-building of the Palace at Versailles by King Louis XIV
-lavish lifestyle of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
-bad harvestsincrease prices
-failure to reform
-1st and 2nd Estate don’t pay taxes

3. What priviledge do the 1st and 2nd Estate share?
THEY DON’T PAY TAXES

4. The 3rd Estate broke away and formed the
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

5. The National Assembly pledged not to disband until
They wrote a constitution for France

6. Nobles who fled France during the revolution were called
EMIGRES
7. European monarchs feared the French Revolution because
THEY WERE AFRAID OF REVOLUTIONS BREAKING OUT IN THEIR OWN COUNTRIES

8. France divided society into different
ESTATES

9. When the National Assembly met to create a constitution for France they took an oath called the
TENNIS COURT OATH

10. What group marched to Versailles to protest the lack of bread?
WOMEN

11. Which Estate did the majority of the French people belong to?
3rd ESTATE

12. What became a symbol of the FrenchRevolution?
STORMING OF THE BASTILLE

13. Define the term bourgeoisie
MIDDLE CLASS

14. Civil Constitution of the Clergy
PUT THE CATHOLIC CHURCH UNDER THE
CONTROL OF THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT

15. King during the French Revolution
LOUIS XVI 16. Queen during the French Revolution
MARIE ANTOINETTE

17. Who led the Reign of Terror?
ROBESPIERRE
18. What was the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety?
TO DEAL WITH THREATS TO THE REVOLUTION WITHIN FRANCE

19. First step towards writing a constitution
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN & CITIZEN

20. Slogan of the French Revolution
LIBERTY-EQUALITY-FRATERNITY
21. What was the Declaration of Pilnitz?
LEADERS OF AUSTRIA & PRUSSIA AGREE TO INTERVENE IF NECESSARY TO PROTECT THE FRENCH MONARCHY

22. deficit spending
SPENDING MORE MONEY THAN YOU TAKE IN

23. 4 Phases of the Revolution
MODERATE PHASE-National Assembly
RADICAL PHASE-Reign of Terror
REACTION-Directory
AGE of NAPOLEON
24. Why did European rulers call the French Revolution the “French Plague”?
-They were afraid it might spread to other countries
-Could loss of power for other monarchs

25. The National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and declare France a
REPUBLIC

26. How did Napoleon gain power?
-As a war hero he won the admiration of the French people
-Led a coup d’etat & took down the Directory
-Held plebiscites until he was finally voted emperor

27. What was the Napoleonic Code?
Code of laws which embodied principles of the French Revolution and the Enlightenment

28. What was the Concordat of 1801?
Napoleon’s attempt to make peace with the Catholic Church

29. What events led to Napoleon’s downfall?
-Failed invasion of Russia
-Battle of Nations
-Battle of Waterloo

30. blockade
Shutting off ports to keep people or supplies from moving in or out

31. abdicate
To step down from power

32. legitimacy
Restoring hereditary monarchies that the French Revolution or Napoleon had unseated

33. How did Napoleon win support across class lines?
By continuing the reforms of the revolution

34. How did Napoleon make peace with the Catholic Church?
By issuing the Concordat of 1801

35. What was the purpose of the Continental System?
By closing off European ports to British goods, Napoleon hoped to weaken Britain

36. Was the continental system a success? Why or why not?
No-although British exports declined, Britain’s powerful navy kept vital trade routes open to the Americas and India

37. guerrilla warfare
Hit and run raids

38. Scorched Earth policy
To avoid battles with Napoleon, the Russians retreated eastward, burning crops and villages along the way leaving the French hungry and cold as winter approached

39. Battle of Nations
Napoleon is defeated for the first time
-he abdicates and is exiled to the island of Elba

40. Waterloo
Napoleon is defeated for the second and final time
-he abdicates and is exiled to the island of St. Helena

41. Which European country was Napoleon unable to conquer?
BRITAIN

42. What was the result of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia?
Napoleon enters Moscow but can’t feed and supply his army through the winter
start to retreat but many flee or die

43. What was the chief goal of the Congress of Vienna?
Create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of monarchy

44. Metternich
Austrian representative at the Congress of Vienna

45. Which countries dominated the Congress of Vienna?
Austria-Russia-Britain

46. plebiscite
Ballot in which voters say yes or no to an issue

47. Why was the French invasion of Russia a failure?
It was a failure due to Russia’s use of the scorched earth policy.

48. Why was the Directory a failure?
The Directory was weak, corrupt, and ineffective.