Ap Biology Unit 9 Study Guide

YEAR 9
RESEARCH TASK: FIGHTING DISEASE

1. Suggest three ways in which foreign particles could enter the inside of your body
Breathing in particles, cuts & wounds and through your mouth.

2. Imagine you are a microbe attacking the human body. Write a paragraph about your Invasion of the blood Stream. How did you arrive there? What line of defence did you in encounter?

As I was floating through the air, I got breathed in to the nose. There I was brushing past some filter hairs located in the nostrils. As I was going down, leaving the nose I knew I would encounter several types of defence systems o stop me, I encountered some mucous lining located in the trachea. I was digested along the mucous into the stomachs harmful acids. Ouch that was
Give two reasons why people might not want to immunise their children
Parents may feel, that the vaccine may cost too much, from their doctor or for religious reasons, which tells them not to inflict pain on children (causes by the injection of needles)

15. Edward Jenner was the first to use a vaccine. What did he do?

A dairymaid consulted Edward Jenner in 1796 about a rash on her hand He diagnosed. Sarah confirmed that one of her cows, a cow, had recently had cowpox. Edward Jenner realised that this was his opportunity to test the protective properties of cowpox by giving it to someone who had not yet suffered smallpox in their life. He chose James Phipps, the eight-year old son of his gardener to try and treat. On 14th May, he made a few scratches on one of James ' arms and rubbed some material from one of the pocks on Sarah 's hand. A few days later, James became mildly ill with cowpox, but was well again a week later. So Jenner knew that cowpox could pass from person to person as well as from cow to person. Essentially, The disease, cowpox was used as a vaccine by Edward Jenner, to effectively, treat and cure smallpox.

16. Choose one of the following scientists
Sir. Howard Florey
Sir. Frank Macfarlane
This is a mixture of medicine and biology, which analyses the effects of a drug on a cell, tissue, organ or organism. A pathologist is what Sir Howard Florey did, in studying diseases, learning about it and diagnosing the disease.

His best-known work dates from his collaboration with chain, which began in 1938 when they conducted investigation of the properties of naturally occurring antibacterial substances.
Lysozyme, an antibacterial substance found in saliva and human tears, was their original research, but their interest moved to substances now known as antibiotics. The work on penicillin (one of the first types of anti-biotics) was a result of their experiments.
He had been awarded honorary degrees by seventeen universities and is a member or honorary member of many learned societies and academies in the field of medicine and biology. In 1944 he was sighted as a Knight Bachelor.

On 4 February 1965 Sir Howard was appointed a life peer and became Baron Florey of Adelaide in the State of South Australia and Commonwealth of Australia. This was a higher honour than the knighthood awarded to penicillin 's discoverer and it recognised the monumental work Florey did in making penicillin available in sufficient quantities to save millions of lives in the