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Antropologia - Paper

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Antropologia - Paper
1. Introducción
Antropología, estudio de los seres humanos desde una perspectiva biológica, social y humanista. La antropología se divide en dos grandes campos: la antropología física, que trata de la evolución biológica y la adaptación fisiológica de los seres humanos, y la antropología social o cultural, que se ocupa de las formas en que las personas viven en sociedad, es decir, las formas de evolución de su lengua, cultura y costumbres.
La antropología es fundamentalmente multicultural. Los primeros estudios antropológicos analizaban pueblos y culturas no occidentales, pero su labor actual se centra, en gran medida, en las modernas culturas occidentales (las aglomeraciones urbanas y la sociedad industrial). Los antropólogos consideran primordial realizar trabajos de campo y dan especial importancia a las experiencias de primera mano, participando en las actividades, costumbres y tradiciones de la sociedad a estudiar.
2. Historia
Desde tiempos remotos, viajeros, historiadores y eruditos han estudiado y escrito sobre culturas de pueblos lejanos. El historiador griego Herodoto describió las culturas de varios pueblos del espacio geográfico conocido en su tiempo; interrogó a los informantes clave, observó y analizó sus formas de vida —al igual que los antropólogos modernos—, e informó sobre las diferencias existentes entre ellas, en aspectos tan importantes como la organizaciónfamiliar y las prácticas religiosas. Mucho más tarde, el historiador romano Tácito, en su libro Germania (hacia el 98 d.C.), reseñó el carácter, las costumbres y la distribución geográfica de los pueblos germánicos.
En el siglo XIII, el aventurero italiano Marco Polo viajó a través de China y otras zonas de Asia, aportando con sus escritos una información muy amplia sobre los pueblos y costumbres del Lejano Oriente.
Durante el siglo XV se exploraron nuevos campos de conocimientodebido al descubrimiento por los exploradores europeos de los diferentes pueblos y culturas del Nuevo

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