Anatomy Test Review

Clavicle
● Fractures of the clavicle (sternoclavicular joint & acromioclavicular joint)
○ Cleidocranial Dysostosis - abnormal development of bones in skull and collar (clavicle) area. The condition is passed down through families (inherited).
■ passed down through abnormal gene
■ symptoms
● clavicle may be missing completely or abnormal (pushes shoulders together in front of body)
● jaw and brow area that sticks out. The middle of their nose (nasal bridge) is wide.
● Primary teeth do not fall out at the expected time. Adult teeth may develop later than normal, and an extra set of adult teeth grow in. This causes the normal teeth to become crooked.

Radial Nerve Injury
● problem with extension
● consequence - “wrist drop”

Fractures of the Humerus
● fracture to surgical neck - injury to Axillary nerve
● fracture of middle of shaft- may cause injury to radial nerve (wrist drop)
● fracture of distal end- injury to medial nerve (colles’ fracture)
● fracture to medial epicondyle- injury to Ulnar nerve

Radius and Ulna bones Ulna:
○ Colles’ fracture: fracture of the distal end of the radius, posterior displacement
■ causes: falling on hand with extended arm (eg.:falling on ice).
● may be accompanied by avulsion of ulnar styloid process

Carpal Bones
● Scaphoid bone - most frequently fractured carpal bone
● Lunate bone - most dislocated carpal bone

Carpal Tunnel
● 2 rows of the carpal bones produce carpal groove which is concave anteriorly
● Flexor Retinaculum (know what passes through it)
○ double layer of membrane covering the carpal groove anteriorly and produces the carpal tunnel for transmission of flexor muscles and Median nerve
● Points of insertion of flexor retinaculum
○ tubercle of scaphoid
○ tubercle of trapezium
○ pisiform
○ hook of hamate
● Structures passing into tunnel:
○ Flexor digitorum superficialis
○ Flexor digitorum profundus
○ Flexor pollicis longus
○ Flexor carpi radialis
○ Median nerve