Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care
BTEC Lv. 2 in Health and Social Care
Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care
Task 1:
P1: Outline the functions of the main cell components
P2: Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body
P3: Outline the gross structure of all the main body systems.
Cell (or plasma) membrane
The electron microscope shows the cell membrane to be a phosphor-lipid-protein-bi-layer. Small, fatty molecules in bi-layers are the lipids. Larger protein molecules are inserted at intervals or completely throughout the bi-layer. Phospholipids are lipid molecules. Phosphate head is water soluble and two lipid chains are soluble in water. The lipid chains face one another as the two layers are aligned. Tissue fluid, the fluid that surrounds the cells and the cytoplasm are both situated in watery environments which are placed next to the phosphate heads.
Cytoplasm
This is a semi-fluid material that properties are almost similar to a gel and it has a slow movement. Chemical reactions are all carried out in the cytoplasm. The collective term for the reactions is metabolism. The dark pigment that is responsible for our skin/hair colour is found in cytoplasm.
Nucleus
The nucleus is simply the largest structure within the cell. Mainly all cells have a single, central, spherical nucleus but these can vary a lot. There are some muscle cells that have a lot of nuclei and are therefore called ‘multinucleate’. There are red bloods cells that lose their nucleus during their development and therefore are said to be ‘anucleate’. There are also white blood cells that nuclei are lobed and very distinct. Red blood cells don’t have the ability to reproduce and therefore when they are separated from their nuclei then they will die.
Cell organelles
This is a tiny body inside a cell, which carries out its own functions.
Organelles include:
1. Mitochondria – Spherical or rod shaped bodies scattered in the cytoplasm and concerned with energy release. There are at
Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care
Task 1:
P1: Outline the functions of the main cell components
P2: Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body
P3: Outline the gross structure of all the main body systems.
Cell (or plasma) membrane
The electron microscope shows the cell membrane to be a phosphor-lipid-protein-bi-layer. Small, fatty molecules in bi-layers are the lipids. Larger protein molecules are inserted at intervals or completely throughout the bi-layer. Phospholipids are lipid molecules. Phosphate head is water soluble and two lipid chains are soluble in water. The lipid chains face one another as the two layers are aligned. Tissue fluid, the fluid that surrounds the cells and the cytoplasm are both situated in watery environments which are placed next to the phosphate heads.
Cytoplasm
This is a semi-fluid material that properties are almost similar to a gel and it has a slow movement. Chemical reactions are all carried out in the cytoplasm. The collective term for the reactions is metabolism. The dark pigment that is responsible for our skin/hair colour is found in cytoplasm.
Nucleus
The nucleus is simply the largest structure within the cell. Mainly all cells have a single, central, spherical nucleus but these can vary a lot. There are some muscle cells that have a lot of nuclei and are therefore called ‘multinucleate’. There are red bloods cells that lose their nucleus during their development and therefore are said to be ‘anucleate’. There are also white blood cells that nuclei are lobed and very distinct. Red blood cells don’t have the ability to reproduce and therefore when they are separated from their nuclei then they will die.
Cell organelles
This is a tiny body inside a cell, which carries out its own functions.
Organelles include:
1. Mitochondria – Spherical or rod shaped bodies scattered in the cytoplasm and concerned with energy release. There are at