Preview

Anatomy and Physiology - Energy Metabolism

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1348 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Anatomy and Physiology - Energy Metabolism
Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology
(P4) Explain the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body

In this task I am going to discuss the three systems involved in energy metabolism in the body.
The chemical equation for cellular respiration is:
C6H12O6 + O2 = E + CO2 + H2O
OR
Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water
In order to release energy we need glucose which is a simple carbohydrate that is produced after digestion of food and we also need oxygen. Once the food has been broken down it then needs to be transported throughout the body. For this reason, there are three systems involved in cellular respiration. These three systems are known to be the digestive, respiratory and cardiovascular system.
Energy metabolism is generally defined as “The entirety of an organism 's chemical processes. These chemical processes typically take the form of complex metabolic pathways within the cell, generally categorized as being either catabolic or anabolic. In humans, the study of how energy flows and is processed in the body is termed bioenergetics, and is principally concerned with how macromolecules such as fats, proteins, and carbohydrates break down to provide usable energy for growth, repair, and physical activity.” (Gore, 2014)
Digestive System
This system is made up of the mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and large intestine. The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food materials. The main source of energy in the human diet comes from carbohydrates. Digestion is the breakdown of food into simple, soluble molecules which can be absorbed by the intestine and into the bloodstream. Enzymes are produced in the body which enable the breakdown of molecules.
Amylase is the type of enzyme that is used to convert starch into glucose so that it can be absorbed. Once the glucose has diffused into the blood stream it is carried to cells to be broken



Bibliography: Gore, J. (2014, November 14). What Is Energy Metabolism? Retrieved from wise geek: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-energy-metabolism.htm Stretch, B. (2010). BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care Book 1. Pearson Education Limited. Taylor, T. (1999-2014). Cardiovascular System. Retrieved from Inner Body: http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html Taylor, T. (1999-2014). Digestive System. Retrieved from Inner Body: http://www.innerbody.com/image/digeov.html Taylor, T. (1999-2014). Respiratory System. Retrieved from Inner Body: http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/respiratory

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Physiology of Eating

    • 3466 Words
    • 14 Pages

    • Digestive system – stores and uses energy – Absorption & Fasting – See diagrams…

    • 3466 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Energy is available to the body in three forms: (1) lipids (fats), (2) proteins (broken into amino acids), and (3) glucose (simple sugar byproducts of carbohydrates) Energy metabolism occurs in three phases (use Digital Image CH10F03.BMP);…

    • 2666 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Metabolism refers to the biochemical processes in the body that converts food to energy. It is the way your body creates fuel to power everything you do. Metabolism occurs constantly, throughout your entire life. After food is eaten, the body breaks down the macronutrients and metabolizes them into more basic components to extract the energy. Digestion is a component of the metabolic process. It is how the food you eat is broken down into forms that the body can use as nourishment and energy. Enzymes help to breakdown nutrients: proteins into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, and carbohydrates into simple sugars. Metabolism involves a balance between two processes. While the body is using energy to build and restore cell,s it is also breaking…

    • 189 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    All parts of the human body are extremely different and each one complex in the way in which they functioning. The integration of the eleven systems of the body are all essential for normal functioning and need interact to maintain a healthy body. An example of integration, is the respiratory system and the circulatory system. The respiratory system brakes down Oxygen (O) taken into the body. After this action has taken place, the Oxygen is then passed into the circulatory system to be transported around the body to provide cells with energy. This energy is called Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), without this energy the body and its functioning would fail. After Oxygen has been distributed around the body the waste product Carbon Dioxide (C02), is taken back to the respiratory system via the circulatory system to be excreted from the body.…

    • 294 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Metabolism is a collection of chemical processes that takes place in the body to convert food into energy (kidshealth.org, N.D.). These processes are included in both digestion and respiration. The breakdown of nutrients after digestion and energy formation using the products of this are the most vital components of metabolism. Bioenergetics is the term used to describe the pathways – both biochemical and metabolic – by which the cell obtains energy (news-medical.net, 2013).…

    • 5315 Words
    • 20 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    macrounits project

    • 866 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are come from plants and provide our bodies with good energy. Carbohydrates are the preferred energy source by the brain. The digestive process begins at the mouth. Chewing stimulates secretion of saliva from slavery glands. The food is mechanically broken down. An enzyme named salivary amylase breaks starch into chunks of glucose called dextrins and maltose(disaccharide maltose). Once the food reaches the stomach, the acid in the stomach inactivates all salivary amylase. Carbohydrate digestion is not conducted the stomach for this reason. Before the food approaches the small intestine, the pancreas secretes pancreatic amylase. The pancreatic amylase digests starch into maltose. The enzymes maltase, sucrose, and lactase mucosal cells located at the lining of the intestinal track, break disaccharides into monosaccharides. Maltose is broken down into glucose by the enzyme maltase. The enzyme sucrase breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose. Lactose is broken into glucose and galactose by lactase. Monosaccarides are absorbed into the intestine lining. They enter the bloodstream on their way to the liver. Along the way to the liver, some monosaccarides are picked up by cells and used for energy. Monosaccarides travel to the liver via portal vein. Monosacharides (like Fructose and galactose) are converted to glucose by the liver. After, they are ready to travel to the cells to provide us with energy. Some glucose will stay behind with the liver and become glycogen. Also a small some of glycogen are stored by glial cells…

    • 866 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Energy is required in the body for metabolic processes, physiological functions, muscular activity, heat production, growth and synthesis of new tissues. Carbohydrates have been researched and studied for centuries and are commonly viewed as a substrate for fuel metabolism, associated with many other energy-demanding processes.…

    • 506 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Our digestive system is the parts of the body that takes in the nutrition and then breaks it down so that our body cells can use it. Each body part has a specific role to play in digestion and use of food. In this way the nutrition is usable when transported to the cells. It consists of the alimentary canal, which is the long tube within our bodies that starts with the mouth and ends with the anus (“Human Nutrition,” 2011). It also consists of our salivary glands, as well as the pancreas and the liver. My saliva is set in the flow of a motion by my brain reflex that sets in whenever I see or smell food. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. It is often present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion (Princeton University,…

    • 1361 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nutrition

    • 989 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The human body consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved[vague]. In a typical adult, about seven liters of digestive juices enter the digestive tract.[citation needed][clarification needed] These digestive juices break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modify their conformations and energy states. Though some molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, digestive processes release them from the matrix of foods. Unabsorbed matter, along with some waste products of metabolism, is eliminated from the body in the feces.…

    • 989 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Atp-Pc System

    • 1135 Words
    • 5 Pages

    3. Aerobic system – This is the long distance energy system. By 5 minutes of exercise the O2 system is clearly the dominant…

    • 1135 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Benefits of Fasting.

    • 1136 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The benefits of fasting must be preceded by a look at the body's progression when deprived of food. Due to the lack of incoming energy, the body must turn to its own resources, a function called autolysis. (2) Autolysis is the breaking down of fat stores in the body in order to produce energy. The liver is in charge of converting the fats into a chemical called a ketone body, "the metabolic substances acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid" (3), and then distributing these bodies throughout the body via the blood stream. "When this fat utilization occurs, free fatty acids are released into the blood stream and are used by the liver for energy." (3) The less one eats, the more the body turns to these stored fats and creates these ketone bodies, the accumulation of which is referred to as ketosis. (4)…

    • 1136 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Metabolic Race

    • 528 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Metabolism is a series of vital biochemical processes that take place in order to sustain life. During a marathon run, the individual relies on the breakdown of carbohydrates and lipids, in order to provide energy release in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). This essay will focus on the role of mobilization and structures of both carbohydrates and lipids in the production of ATP.…

    • 528 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Great metabolic race essay

    • 1685 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Organisms are constantly undergoing various chemical reactions and pathways that enable for them to maintain life. These pathways are part of metabolism, involving catabolism (break down of organic nutrients for extraction of useful) and anabolism (energy dependent conversion of small precursor molecules in complex molecules); some of which are energy coupled to provide energy efficiency. This intermediate coupling is due to the “energy currency” within the body, known as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). These metabolic pathways are reliant on certain energies of reactions; according to Gibbs’ free energy (ΔG), referring to the change in usable energy available for a reaction. Many of these cellular pathways involve ΔG, where if ΔG < 0 it is an exergonic reaction, and if ΔG > 0 then it is an endergonic reaction. We are able to observe these various metabolic pathways within the body of an athlete as they perform a 1 hour race.…

    • 1685 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Core 2 Pdhpe

    • 5555 Words
    • 23 Pages

    The body receives energy from food which is broken down into carbohydrates, fats and proteins…

    • 5555 Words
    • 23 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Energy metabolism comes in different types such as Anabolism and Catabolism energy. They all make sure that energy breaks down and is reused to keep the body working correctly for example muscle mass and increase in bone. With the cardiovascular system and respiratory system working together with energy metabolism is when the respiratory system takes in oxygen from the lungs and then it is placed in the circulatory systems carries the and nutrients around the organs and cells in the body.…

    • 646 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays