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Analyzing Human Motion

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Analyzing Human Motion
haL76442_ch02_029-060.indd Page 29 29/03/11 9:11 AM user-f494

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Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing
Human Motion

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After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Provide examples of linear, angular, and general forms of motion.
Identify and describe the reference positions, planes, and axes associated with the human body.
Define and appropriately use directional terms and joint movement terminology.
Explain how to plan and conduct an effective qualitative human movement analysis.
Identify and describe the uses of available instrumentation for measuring kinematic quantities.

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From what distance can a coach best observe a pitcher’s throwing style? What are the advantages and disadvantages of analyzing a movement captured on video? To the untrained observer, there may be no differences in the forms displayed by an elite hurdler and a novice hurdler or in the functioning of a normal knee and an injured, partially rehabilitated knee. What skills are necessary and what procedures are used for effective analysis of human movement kinematics?
One of the most important steps in learning a new subject is mastering the associated terminology. Likewise, learning a general analysis protocol that can be adapted to specific questions or problems within a field of study is invaluable. In this chapter, human movement terminology is introduced, and the problem-solving approach is adapted to provide a template for qualitative solving of human movement analysis problems. F ORMS O F MO TI O N general motion involving translation and rotation
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Likewise, although training can ameliorate loss of muscular strength and joint range of motion once thought to be inevitably associated with aging, human movement analysts need increased knowledge of and sensitivity to the special needs of older adults who wish to develop new motor skills. Analysts should also be aware that, although gender has traditionally been regarded as a basis for performance differences, research has shown that before puberty most gender-associated performance differences are probably culturally derived rather than biologically determined (3). Young girls are usually not expected to be as skilled or even as active as young boys. Unfortunately, in many settings, these expectations extend beyond childhood into adolescence and adulthood. The belief that an activity is not gender appropriate has been shown to negatively affect college-aged women’s ability to learn a new motor skill (1). Analysts of female performers should not reinforce this cultural misunderstanding by lowering their expectations of girls or women based on gender. Analysts should also be sensitive to other factors that can influence performance. Has the performer experienced a recent

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