Hepatitis B is a global health problem, it is a liver infection that can cause serious complications and is potentially life threatening arising from the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This paper will provide an overview of hepatitis B, including demographic information, determinants of health, the epidemiological triangle, the role of the community health nurse and a national organization that addresses the communicable disease.…
15–25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood die from hepatitis B-related liver cancer or…
* ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), if elevated can also be an indication of liver damage. ALT is an enzyme that is normally in the liver and kidneys. If the individual is healthy, the ALT is low, between 7-56 IU/L. Elevated ALT is an early indicator of liver damage usually elevating prior to a patient becoming jaundice (Hepatitis B, 2011).…
Lab test results show a positive anti-HCV and confirm that Chad has Hepatitis C. The nurse explains to Chad that Hepatitis is liver disease with inflammation of the cells of the liver. Chad states "I can't have Hepatitis. I had all three of the vaccinations before I started working as a paramedic."…
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is recognized as an emerging pathogen in the United States. The epidemiological study of viral hepatitis C in the homeless is relevant because of the enormous burden of the disease on the public health care system over time. The CDC reports that “HCV is the most common blood-born infection in the population, with estimated prevalence rates of chronic infection at 1.8% of the general population. It is further estimated that 65% of the patients with chronic infections will develop active liver disease over 20-30 years, with 10-20% developing into cirrhosis and an additional 1-5% developing hepatocellular carcinoma” (Desai, 2002, p.396). Hepatitis C virus is transmitted primarily through percutaneous exposure however transmission can also occur though unapparent percutaneous or mucosal exposures such as in high risk sexual practices (CDC, website). There is no laboratory distinction between acute and chronic infection and no vaccination against hepatitis C. HCV is the “tenth leading cause of death in the U.S. as well as chronic liver disease. Because chronic carriers can live decades with none or few symptoms public health efforts are aimed at stopping transmission of HCV with “screening of potential carries to determine infection rates. The homeless have not been included in epidemiology studies of HCV due to their transient lifestyle making tracking and identification of carriers difficult. However data indicates that injection drug use accounts for the majority of cases of HCV among the homeless as compared to the general population.…
A description of two available resources for those affected by HIV or Hepatitis B or C. One local and one national.…
References: CDC DVH - Viral Hepatitis Outbreak Information - 2013 Outbreaks. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/Outbreaks/2013/A1b-03-31/…
According to Dictionary.com hepatitis is an “inflammation of the liver, caused by a virus or a toxin and characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, and fever.” Hepatitis could also result in the liver’s tissue being destroyed and its “functions impaired” (Munson, 38). The disease is known to be transmitted through oral contact with feces or bodily secretions of an infected individual.…
There are more than 2 billion people in the world who have been diagnosed with (HBV). It is a virus that causes hepatitis B. It was first recognized in Germany in 1883 after ship workers who were inoculated with the “smallpox vaccine made with human lymph fell ill with jaundice” (Shepard, Simard, Finelli, Fiore, & Bell, 2006). Manifestations of the…
Patient RA is a 44 year old male with a know case of liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices secondary to chronic hepatitis B infection. He was apparently asymptomatic until one day prior to admission patient had several episodes of black tarry stool and vomiting but there’s no aggravated dizziness, dyspnea and bleeding from other site. The morning prior to admission patient had two episodes of vomiting of coffee-ground discharge. Patient was then rushed to the hospital for subsequent readmission.…
As our society advances with communication and the dissemination of information, health related topics have been a growing concern for many. The emergence of infectious disease has garnered attention by those concerned with public health and safety; these diseases appear on populations or have existed before but have evolved and increase the rate of incidence on those within its range. There are many factors that can lead to the emergence of disease on a population from ecological or demographic changes, to evolution of microorganisms. However, international travel and trade has been a powerful force in the emergence of infectious disease on a population. The migration of humans has been a pathway for the distribution of diseases throughout the world and in history. This factor has shaped the emergence, frequency and spread of…
There are many factors that increase risks of infection like a person’s location of residence and travelling habits. India, China, Russia, and Africa all have high rates of drug-resistant forms of TB. Situations where people live in close proximity such as nursing homes, prisons, and homeless camps, contain high incidences of TB infections due to close living quarters, poor health and nutrition all increase risk. Low income populations and those who live in remote areas, lack medical care needed to diagnosis and treat TB. Substance abuse increases the risk of contracting…
If safe sex was taught in some of these countries a lot of people would not be living with the HBV virus. A lot of the reasons that it could be prevented are behavioral and if these people had the education they needed it could be prevented.…
Hepatitis means the inflammation of the liver and hepatitis B is a specific type of this infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The symptoms of HBV infection vary from person to person. Many people with HBV infection don’t develop any symptoms, especially when they are young, and most patients with chronic HBV infection don’t develop any symptoms until late stage. However, HBV can damage the hepatocyte (liver cell) and cause liver damage and cirrhosis (scarring of the liver). HBV can cause both acute and chronic infection (infections that can’t be resolved after six months). When patients are first infected with HBV they can develop flu like acute symptoms, including fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting,…
Hepatitis is a chronic or acute disease that effect the liver in the body. The most common causes of this disease are different special viruses that effect the liver. These viruses are A, B, C, D and E. These viruses are vary according to risk such as the serious of virus A and E on the body is less than virus B, C and D. These five types are of largest concern because of the load of illness and death they causes. Hepatitis is caused by a virus that is passed through contact with the blood or saliva of an infected person. This infection lead to inflammation and disorder of the liver. In addition, this virus disrupts the liver functions and thus is affected by the patient's body. The hepatitis disease are affecting many effects on patients'…