An Overview on Cooperatives Within the United States
Fall
12
Fall
12
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | 110 8th Street Troy, NY 12180
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | 110 8th Street Troy, NY 12180
08
Fall
08
Fall
An Overview on Cooperatives within the United States
Colleen Laverty, Christian Munoz, Shiyao Xie An Overview on Cooperatives within the United States
Colleen Laverty, Christian Munoz, Shiyao Xie
Table of Contents Introduction 4 What is a Cooperative 4 Cooperative Principles 4 Self-Identification 5 Incorporation status 5 Tax-filing status 6 Ownership considerations 7 Financial Management 7 Startup costs 7 How cooperatives are financed? 7 The Seven Principles of Cooperatives 8 Sectors 10 Types 10 Consumer Cooperative 10 Producer cooperative 11 Worker cooperative 12 Purchasing/Shared Services cooperative 13 Hybrid cooperative 14 Entities 15 Nonprofit Entities 15 Quasi-governmental Entities 15 Limited Cooperative Associations 15 Partnerships, Associations and Clubs, and Employee Stock Ownership Plans 16 Cooperative Governance Stakeholders 16 Members 16 Board of Directors 17 Managers 17 Cooperative Governance System Structure 17 Centralized Structure 18 Federated Structure 18 Mixed Structure 18 Three Core Cooperative Functions Performed 18 Marketing 18 Purchasing 19 Servicing 19 Impact on United States Economy 19 Commercial Sales & Marketing 19 Social & Public Services 20 Financial Services 20 Utilities 21 Works Cited 22
Introduction
What is a Cooperative
Cooperative businesses are unique, diverse and in many ways they are much like other businesses in today’s economy. The definition of “what is a cooperative” is simple. A cooperative organization is one that belongs to the people who use its goods or services. Cooperatives are “autonomous associations of persons who voluntarily cooperate for their mutual social, economic, and cultural benefit.” These organizations can include not
12
Fall
12
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | 110 8th Street Troy, NY 12180
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | 110 8th Street Troy, NY 12180
08
Fall
08
Fall
An Overview on Cooperatives within the United States
Colleen Laverty, Christian Munoz, Shiyao Xie An Overview on Cooperatives within the United States
Colleen Laverty, Christian Munoz, Shiyao Xie
Table of Contents Introduction 4 What is a Cooperative 4 Cooperative Principles 4 Self-Identification 5 Incorporation status 5 Tax-filing status 6 Ownership considerations 7 Financial Management 7 Startup costs 7 How cooperatives are financed? 7 The Seven Principles of Cooperatives 8 Sectors 10 Types 10 Consumer Cooperative 10 Producer cooperative 11 Worker cooperative 12 Purchasing/Shared Services cooperative 13 Hybrid cooperative 14 Entities 15 Nonprofit Entities 15 Quasi-governmental Entities 15 Limited Cooperative Associations 15 Partnerships, Associations and Clubs, and Employee Stock Ownership Plans 16 Cooperative Governance Stakeholders 16 Members 16 Board of Directors 17 Managers 17 Cooperative Governance System Structure 17 Centralized Structure 18 Federated Structure 18 Mixed Structure 18 Three Core Cooperative Functions Performed 18 Marketing 18 Purchasing 19 Servicing 19 Impact on United States Economy 19 Commercial Sales & Marketing 19 Social & Public Services 20 Financial Services 20 Utilities 21 Works Cited 22
Introduction
What is a Cooperative
Cooperative businesses are unique, diverse and in many ways they are much like other businesses in today’s economy. The definition of “what is a cooperative” is simple. A cooperative organization is one that belongs to the people who use its goods or services. Cooperatives are “autonomous associations of persons who voluntarily cooperate for their mutual social, economic, and cultural benefit.” These organizations can include not
Cited: Behera, L. (n.d.). Radial Basis Function Networks. Retrieved 11 14, 2012, from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur: http://home.iitk.ac.in/~mfelixor/Files/Lecture5_RBFN.pdf Best Western Company Overview Bors, A. G. (n.d.). Introduction of the Radial Basis Function (RBF) Networks . Retrieved 11 14, 2012, from www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/adrian/Papers/Others/OSEE01.pdf Brown, J Cobia, D. (1989). Cooperatives in Agriculture. NJ. Farmer and Consumer Cooperatives Structure and Classification. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 30, 2012, from University of Kentucky - College of Agriculture: http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/aec/aec44/aec44.pdf Incorporated, I USDA. (n.d.). Measuring the Economic Impact of Cooperatives: Results from Wisconsin. Retrieved 10 30, 2012, from Rural Development USDA: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/RR196.pdf USDA xuejun. (2011). United States: On the the agricultural distribution cooperatives specification evolution and revelation. Journal of Zhejiang University . Cobia, David, editor, Cooperatives in Agriculture, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1989), p. 50 NewStart Magazine The hybrid cooperative 26th January 2011 by admin [ 1 ]. (Brown, 2006) [ 2 ] [ 3 ]. (Ridley-Duff, 2007) [ 4 ] [ 15 ]. (Ridley-Duff, 2007) [ 16 ] [ 17 ]. (Brown, 2006) [ 18 ] [ 19 ]. (Brown, 2006) [ 20 ] [ 55 ]. (Admin, 2011) [ 56 ] [ 59 ]. (xuejun, 2011) [ 60 ]