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An Examination of How Training and Development Initiatives in an Organization Can Impact on Employees’ Performance and Work Morale

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An Examination of How Training and Development Initiatives in an Organization Can Impact on Employees’ Performance and Work Morale
An Examination of how Training and Development Initiatives in an Organization can Impact on Employees’ Performance and Work Morale.
Training and Development
Training and development refers to the process to obtain or transfer knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) needed to carry out a specific activity or task. It includes not just factual and explicit KSAs but also incorporates KSAs that are often difficult to articulate. Training and development will assist employees in the use of new technologies, and communicate and function better in improvised work systems. In order to meet the current and future challenges, training and development assumes a wide range of learning actions, such as training of the employees and knowledge sharing, which would then expand individual and organizational effectiveness. Thus, this would then allow the organization to fully utilize employee’s tacit and explicit knowledge and expands individual, group and organizational effectiveness.

Why is Training and Development Important?
Organizations are experiencing great, rapid changes due to new technologies, corporate restructuring, continuous rising competition and globalization. These factors have increased the importance of learning and capitalizing on human capital in order to have a sustained competitive advantage over the competitors. Tracey (2003) defined human capital as ‘the people that staff and operate an organization as contrasted with the financial and material resources of an organization.’ Tracey (2003) also states that human resources refer to the organizational function that ‘deals with the people who manage, produce, market and sell the products and services of an organization.’

A comprehensive training and development program helps in the consideration of the knowledge, skills and attitudes that are needed to achieve organizational goals and to create a competitive advantage. (Peteraf 1993) Training and development process has assumed a strategic role in



References: 2. Becker, G.S. (1975). Human Capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 3. Berta Dina. (2001). ‘Dual perceptions of HRD, Issues for Policy: SME’s, Other Constituencies, and the Contested Definitions.’ Human Resource Development, 5(57), 604–624. 4. Colquitt, J.A., LePine, J.A., and Noe, R.A. (2000), ‘Toward an Integrative Theory of Training Motivation: A Meta-Analytic Path Analysis of 20 Years of Research.’ Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 678–707. 5. Epstude, K., & Roese, N. J. (2008). The Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 168–192. 6. Fischer, G.W., and Nunn, N.P. (1992). ‘Nonmonetary Incentives: It Can be Done.’ Journal of Management in Engineering, 8(1), 40–52. 7. Mihiotis, A. (2005). Human Resource Management. Patras: Hellenic Open University 8 9. Pettigrew, T. F. (2002). Summing up: Relative deprivation as a key social psychological concept. Relative deprivation: Specification, development, and integration. 351–374. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press 10 11. Tharenou, P. (2001). ‘The Relationship of Training Motivation to Participation in Training and Development.’ Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(5), 599–621. 12. Tracey, W.R. (2003). The Human Resources Glossary: The Complete Desk Reference for HR Executives, Managers, and Practitioners. Boca Raton. FL: St. Lucie Press. 13. Vemic Jelena. (2007). ‘Employee Training and Development and the Learning Organization.’ Economics and Organization, 4(2), pp 209–216. 14. Veum, J. R. (1996). Gender and Race Differences in Company Training. Industrial Relations. 35, 32 – 43.

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