Submission As Partial Fulfillment of the requirement in
Research
September 2012 Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature Natural Solutions The citronella plant is a very well loved plant, especially in the summer when its mosquito-repelling properties come in handy! Citronella is a common ingredient in insect repellant sprays and candles. It is also included in lotions and oils and used as a form of aromatherapy. You might have even come across a few antiseptic oils or creams that contain citronella oil. This wonder plant even seems to be useful in treating fungal infections, warding pests away from crops, and can even be used as a preservative. Is there nothing this plant can do?
Mosquitoes Mosquitoes are what they call “little vampires” because they often suck blood of people and animals. They have more than 2,000 species and they can live in any type of climate and temperature even in very cold areas. Although all of us know mosquitoes are “attracted” or they need blood to live, they are more attracted to people’s blood when the person is wearing a dark clothing and when a person is eating or just ate a banana. A lot of people ask doctors why mosquitoes are dangerous or deadly, and the reason is that some of them carry Dengue. We all know that Dengue is a deadly virus caused by a mosquito. Many people die because of taking the bite of the mosquito for granted that is why we need mosquito repellants to avoid being bitten.
Mosquito Repellants Making your own natural mosquito repellant is very easy. These natural products will effectively repel mosquitoes, but they require more frequent reapplication (at least every 2 hours). Because of the differences between types of mosquitoes, products that contain multiple repellents tend to be more effective than those containing a single ingredient. As you can see, natural repellents tend to be volatile plant oils.
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References: 1. Bernier UR, Kline DL, Posey HP: Human emanations and related natural compounds that inhibit mosquito host finding abilities. In Insect Repellents: Principles, Methods and Uses Edited by: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D. New York: CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group; 2007:77-100. Gupta RK, Rutledge L: Role of repellents in vector control and disease prevention. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994, 50:82-86. Govere JM, Durrheim DN: Techniques for evaluating repellents. In Insect Repellents: Principles, Methods and Uses Edited by: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D. New York: CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group; 2007:147-159. Barnard DR: Global collaboration for development of pesticides for public health: repellents and toxicants for personal protection. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. Takken W, Knols BG: Odor-mediated behavior of Afrotropical malaria mosquitoes. Annu Rev Entomol 1999, 44:131-157. Knols BG, de Jong R, Takken W: Differential attractiveness of isolated humans to mosquitoes in Tanzania. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1995, 89:604-606. Keystone JS: Of bites and body odour. Lancet 1996, 347:1423. Khan AA, Maibach HI, Skidmore DL: A study of insect repellents 2. Effect of temperature on protection time. J Econ Entomol 1973, 66:437-439. Okumu FO: Medium Range Olfactory Responses of the Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae s.s to synthetic odor blends. In Masters Thesis Nairobi: University of Nairobi; 2008. Fradin MS, Day JF: Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites. NEJM 2002, 347:13-18. Fradin MS: Mosquitoes and mosquito repellents: a clinician 's guide. Ann Int Med 1998, 128:931-940. The insect repellent deet [http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ factsheets/chemicals/deet.htm] Environmental Protection Agency: Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) DEET. Washington: Environmental Protection Agency; 1998. Schreck CE, Leonhardt BA: Efficacy assessment of Quwenling, a mosquito repellent from China. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1991, 7:433-436.…
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