Adolescence is a Critical Juncture

Adolescence is a critical juncture in achievement due to new social and academic pressures that force adolescence to take on new and different roles. These new roles involve more responsibility than they have previously taken on in the past. Their achievement becomes so much more serious and they begin to see life in a different more "real" way now.
Two approaches to used to understand motivation in adolescence are Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation emphasizes that students want to believe that what they are doing is because of their own decision or their own will and for no other reason. Students' motivation and interest in school tasks increase when they have opportunities to makes their own choices and they take responsibility for their own learning. Students become more motivated to learn when given choices, apply themselves in challenges matching their skills, and want to do things for the informational value. Extrinsic motivation factors are rewards and punishments and they were found to have many more negative outcomes on students achievements and commitments. What tended to have negative outcomes were when students were given framed goals, students that believed in obtaining good grades for the sole purpose of avoiding their parents' approval, and students that seemed to have no independence in deciding their goals.
Genetic testing allows the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases, and can also be used to determine a child's paternity (genetic father) or a person's ancestry. Normally, every person carries two copies of every gene (with the exception of genes related to sex-linked traits, which are only inherited from the mother by males), one inherited from their mother, one inherited from their father.
Many of the risks associated with genetic testing involve the emotional, social, or financial consequences of the test results. People may feel angry, depressed, anxious, or guilty about their results. The