c) Behavioural adaptations: A behavioural adaptation of these periwinkles is that they actively seek out crevices in rocks to lodge themselves in, to reduce the drying effect of sun and wind during exposed periods. Another behaviour adaptation that also helps with the exposure, is that periwinkles can orient their shell towards the sun to reduce the surface area exposed to the light. They also tend to cluster together, sometimes in their thousands, which also helps prevent water loss.…
Black periwinkles are a type of marine snail. Periwinkles may live out of the water for several days and can survive in challenging conditions. Out of the water, they can stay moist by closing the trap doors on the opening of their shells. This is called an operculum. Periwinkles are herbivores that feed on algae such as, Green algae and diatoms. Green algae is common in areas where light is abundant, such as shallow water or rock pools. They use their radular (tiny teeth) to scrape algae off of rocks. Green algae can range from single-celled organisms to multi-celled…
Freezing when exposed or attacked. (I also observed when I picked the woodlice up for the experiment that if they were accidentally rolled over on their backs, they would curl their legs up and play dead) this combined with their good camouflage makes it hard for predators to see them.…
Terrestrial Isopoda are among the easiest soil animals to find and collect. They occur in a wide range of habitats, and are particularly abundant in lime-rich soils, as they need calcium to build their hard cuticle. Slaters can be found in dark, damp, sheltered places in almost any kind of environment. They spend the daylight hours congregated under shelters, sometimes in large numbers; at night they wander around in search of food, and even climb tree trunks. Look for them under logs, in leaf litter, in rotting wood, under loose tree bark, under garden debris, in compost heaps, under animal carcasses, under rocks and bricks. Once uncovered, slaters will try to escape the light, but they are not very fast runners. Slaters do not bite.…
In which, both the chi-squared test and the observation of the pillbugs appears to prefer the moist chamber than the dry chamber. The possible errors associated with this experiment include, the isopods climbing over each other. At times it would block the connecting chambers preventing the flow between the chambers. In addition, the rocks used in this experiment were slightly moist and may have affected the experiment. Some further investigation include increasing the test size, testing whether isopods prefer light or dark and the pH the isopods…
Animal Behavior: Animal Defenses Copyright 2009 by Infobase Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, contact: Chelsea House An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wilsdon, Christina. Animal defenses / Christina Wilsdon. p. cm. — (Animal behavior) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60413-089-8 (hardcover) 1. Animal defenses. I. Title. II. Series. QL759.W55 2009 591.47—dc22 2008040116 Chelsea House books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Chelsea House on the World Wide Web at http://www.chelseahouse.com Text design by Kerry Casey Cover design by Ben Peterson Printed in the United States Bang EJB 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. All links and Web addresses were checked and verified to be correct at the time of publication. Because of the dynamic nature of the Web, some addresses and links may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. Caption: A thorny devil, native to Australia, is camouflaged in shades of desert browns and tans. The spikes on its body also help protect it from predators.…
The trichinella spiralis is the smallest known nematode. There are three different types of ecological life cycles of the nematodes. The cycles are called urban, sylvatic, and marine cycles. The trichinella species is found worldwide. They are prevalent in Mexico, the northern hemisphere, parts of South Asia, Africa, South America, and Middle East. In the urban cycle the nematodes are carried by pigs and rats. In the sylvatic cycle they are hosted by walruses, wales, and polar bears.…
The article begins by explaining the energy costs of different defensive mechanisms. Permanent defensive morphologies are thought to be expensive to create and sustain. As a result, these defenses may be harmful to the overall fitness of an organism. An alternative to this method of defense is inducible defenses. This type of defense is only expressed in organisms exposed to a predator. Inducible defenses are more energy efficient and are most appropriate in environments where predators are fluctuating and prey can easily sense when predators are present.…
has contractile vacuoles which collect and pump the Excess water out of the organism (active transport).…
In New Zealand, slaters are common in spring and autumn as they prefer low light intensity and high humidity and cooler temperature. They are mostly found in cool, damp conditions such as under the bricks, woods and rocks, damp soil litter under the trees.…
The worm lives underneath the ground in moist rich humus soil. The worm is Terrestrial- which means it is related to earths or its inhabitants, and is not restricted to moist environments as the worms internal lungs keep it moist. As worms are nocturnal they only are active at night Which gives them less chance to be eaten by birds as birds hunt in the day time. This is an advantage as they will not dry out in the day time. In hot days in summer the worm burrows deeper to avoid drying out and dying. In wet days it is possible that the worm will be brought to the surface this gives the worm a higher death rate as in winter if worms stay in the wet soil they will drown.…
The simulation when all predators were present. The reason is because when predators, specifically starfish, are present the mussel population along with populations of all the rest are able to be controlled. This results in mussels not taking over using their competitive dominance allowing other prey to thrive so that the other predators can survive and be part of the ecological diversity.…
Biologist Robin Seeley suspected that New England’s periwinkle populations have evolved due to predation by green crabs. In a museum, Seeley found an 1871 collection of periwinkles from Appledore Island, north of Cape Cod. She compared these old shells to new shells she had gathered herself at the same place. Seeley measured the thickness of each shell.…
The color of the exoskeleton is brown or green, but the antennae are red, and adults have bright blue bands near the tips of their legs. In smaller individuals, the bands may be white. The legs and carapace are covered in setae, and the rostrum at the front of the carapace is triangular.…
References: Addison, W. (2001, October 15). Earthworms. School of Arts & Sciences - University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved November 27, 2011, from http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~rlenet/Earthworms.html…