The impacts drug markets have on our society go beyond the harms caused by drug use, it is estimated that EU citizens spend over 24 billion euros every year on illicit drugs (EU drug markets report, 2016)…
Classical Conditioning A process of behavior modification in which a subject learns to respond in a desired manner such that a neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) is repeatedly presented in association with a stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus) that elicits a natural response (the unconditioned response) until the neutral stimulus alone elicits the same response (now called the conditioned response). For example, in Pavlov's experiments, food is the unconditioned stimulus that produces salivation, a reflex or unconditioned response. The bell is the conditioned stimulus, which eventually produces salivation in the absence of food. This salivation is the conditioned response…
Weinstock, L. M.S. W., and Gilman, E. (1998) Overcoming Panic Disorder. Chicago, Illinois: Contemporary Publishing Group.…
Addiction is defined as “a state of physiological or psychological dependence on a potentially harmful drug or behavior (Encarta, 2009).” Addiction has the distinction of creating a positive feeling or a false sense of euphoria. This is seen most prominently in drug and alcohol addictions as they both give the user a false sense feeling of well being and happiness. Although drug and alcohol addictions are the prevalent addictions, they are not the only ones. Some other addictions are: shopping, smoking, gambling, and sometimes sex addictions give the addict the same sense of well being. However, they all share the same negative outcome to the individual as his or her compulsion to acquire the “high” overrides the logical and rational sense of self-preservation.…
Analyzing Addiction Addiction is everywhere, from celebrity tabloids, to television, and possibly to a family member or close friend. There is alcoholism, drug abuse, and gambling addiction; the effects of such are devastating. For example, the following excerpt is from the harrowing Leaving Dirty…
The effect of addiction have consumed billions of individuals all over the world, not only consume but also killed. Individuals have relied on drugs to fill the void in their life that is missing. The addict is not only hurting themselves from the drug use but their families, friends, and their community. In this paper, it will give a description of a 21-year-old male named Anthony. Anthony started using marijuana at the age of 20, trying to hide the pain from the death of his sister. Eventually, marijuana was not enough to get Anthony the extra high he wanted which Anthony made the choice to try another drug and eventually it became the love of his life.…
One of these special populations is those who have a problem with substance abuse. For approximately the last forty years substance abuse, which includes drugs and alcohol, has been a growing problem in countries around the world. This problem is of particular concern among adolescents however, this problem affects people of all ages and cultural backgrounds. Substance abuse can be a very painful experience for individuals, which may seem impossible to them to overcome. Some counselors choose to deal with this special population because, many, over the years have had several friends and family members who have had problems with substance abuse providing he/she with a more intimate view of the problem. It is necessary to acquire understanding of the various causes and reasons why an individual becomes a user of controlled substances, how different situations and influencing factors play a part and can lead to substance abuse. The causes seem to be somewhat varied for different individuals. It is interesting to understand why and how the same behavior in individuals can stem from different causes, but the same behavior is manifested. In addition, an understanding of what must be addressed in order for a person to overcome a problem with the abuse and what must be done on the individual’s part and the part of any concerned person interested in offering help, including case managers in formal…
Identifying the Learning Experience Let us say that someone has been doing drugs on a social basis, living a wild and carefree lifestyle. Until one day, a different way of using the drug becomes introduced. In that instance the drug is introduced, it becomes an automatic addiction. It becomes an overwhelming desire to have more to obtain that rush repeatedly. It is the loss of all control and the beginning of losing the power of life. The person frits at the thought of the drug and loses control when they cannot get a hold of it when they want it and how they want it. It becomes a part of their lifestyle and it becomes more difficult for them to lose the desire after a long period of using. It takes a power greater then themselves to quit and the help of people like them who have been clean. With the help and support of these people, the desire to use becomes less and less and the “disease of addiction,” becomes arrested.…
Freedom from addiction is no different, so each client should consider what must be sacrificed, what compliance must be made, in order to achieve real recovery from addiction. Individual members of the group are encouraged to set personal goals for themselves, as well. This is where in-group motivational interviewing and reflective listening is useful. What do you want? What is important to you and your loved ones? Where will you be in five years? Can you remember when you were really happy? What did you experience that first time you used? What about the last time you used? What problems are you having now? Based on the answers, a client can be led into a self-epiphany about the role that substances play as a perceived solution to his or her chronic fears and problems, and in turn goals can be set to achieve healthy cognitive and behavioral changes. The client can be shown alternative solutions to fears and problems, and taught coping skills to carry out of treatment and develop further in aftercare. Deb is particularly good at working with defensive clients, and claims that meeting anger with tactful persistence…
Conceptualizing Addiction Paper Kristina Lamey May 25, 2015 BSHS/455 David Elkins Conceptualizing Addiction Paper The history of addiction goes back centuries, and unfortunately, there is still a long way to go for people to realize the effects of chemical substances do more harm than good. The difference between drug use and abuse relies heavily on a person’s dependence on the substance. The line between the differences is often very fine. Depending on other factors involved, such as morals, values, environment, and genetic predisposition, the line will most likely be crossed without regard to the consequences until treatment and recovery are the only options left. This is essay compares two theoretical explanations for addiction, including a psychological theory, and a biological theory. In addition, the writer will describe the viewpoints of each model, and how their effectiveness in addiction prevention and intervention.…
Understanding Addiction Limestone College Abstract As early as 1939 with the publication of the first edition of the Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous the medical community was aware that addiction was more than a moral shortcoming. In the first addition of the book in the chapter The Doctor’s Opinion, Dr. William Silkworth (1939) wrote the following, “We believe, and so suggested a few years ago, that the action of alcohol on these chronic alcoholics is a manifestation of an allergy; that the phenomenon of craving is limited to this class and never occurs in the average temperate drinker. These allergic types can never safely use alcohol in any form at all; and once having formed the habit and found they cannot break it, once having lost their self-confidence, their reliance upon things human, their problems pile up on them and become astonishingly difficult to solve” CITATION Alc76 \p xxvi \n \y \t \l 1033 (p. xxvi). This paper will examine the problems associated with addiction, the definition of addiction and treatment for addiction.…
The Path of Addiction Abstract: What exactly is addiction and why do people struggle so much with it? The cause of drug addiction is debated among many people. There is no single cause. Addiction is serious. It should not be taken lightly. Many people are addicts or at least know someone who is or may be an addict. I believe addicts themselves and the people who care about them should be more educated about what addiction really is. What are the risk factors, the symptoms, the withdrawal symptoms and treatment options? I have answered these questions in hopes of helping other addicts.…
3. Under the header the addiction paradox they talk about some common things we all think about when it comes to an addict that is not necessarily true. They talk about how most addicts do not want to be an addict but choosing to quit can be long coming for many who have destroyed friendships and relationships with family.…
Arguably the most important step of dealing with the Like alcohol, heroin lets the user forget their life problems; overlooking these issues is a significant contribution to the high relapse rate that plagues all addiction programmes. However, the effects of heroin are severe in the way that while they may think they will gain control of their life through use of the drug, they soon dictate the user’s lifestyle. It is a lifestyle that is impossible to maintain with psychological integrity, which is why the support of others is necessary.…
From 1900-1950 drug addicts and alcoholics didn’t have very many treatment options. Addicts were looked at as morally degenerates and they didn’t get any form of treatment was at the least brutal punishment. “Until research showed that addiction was a treatable disease of the brain, many addicts were also given prison sentences or shut away in asylums because it was assumed that they were permanently lacking in moral or mental substance”( The Evolution of Addiction Treatment, 2012). Imprisonment had the effect of detoxification but no understanding of the physical components of addiction. Many thought addicts deserved the pain they suffered going through detox. As people began to understand the importance of the bodies physical dependency detoxification became the primary goal in treating addiction. Soon the public began taking alcoholism and drug abuse more seriously and they started to develop things called community groups. Also, sober houses began appearing. Following the overturn of the prohibition era, a major founding for alcoholics came in 1935 when Bill Wilson founded Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). AA…