Acute and Chronic
Case study:
1. With regard to the normal ageing process. Discuss expected changes that may occur.
A. The Musculo-skeletal system?
Aging changes in the musculoskeletal system can lead to decreased mobility, increase in pain, lower activity, the ability to maintain strength and co-ordination.
Regular exercise can maintain strength and function and help reduce risk of falls, reduce pain and help the older person in maintaining levels of independence.
The Musculo-skeletal is made up of muscles, bones, joint, tendons, and connective tissue.
Muscles: As we get older muscle loses its size, strength and tone. This can contribute to fatigue, weakness and reduced tolerance to exercise. This is caused by a number of factors working in combination, including:
• Muscle fibers reduce in number and shrink in size.
• Muscle tissue is replaced more slowly and lost muscle tissue is replaced with a tough, fibrous tissue.
• Changes cause muscles to have reduced tone and inability to contract. Inactivity can hasten and add to this process.
Bones: provide structure and support to the body. Around middle age bone mass (or bone density) gradually begins to decline. As bone growth slows, the bones become thin and more sponge-like.
• Inactivity causes bone wastage.
• Hormonal changes – in women, menopause triggers the loss of minerals in bone tissue.
• In men, the gradual decline in sex hormones leads to the later development of osteoporosis.
• Bones lose calcium and other minerals.
When the bones are weak and do not support the body, there is an increased risk for fractures, falls, movement slows and changes in posture can lead to gait pattern change.
Joints and connective tissue.
Bones do not have direct contact each other; they are cushioned and lined with cartilage, synovial membranes and a lubricating fluid inside your joints (synovial fluid). As you age, joint movement becomes stiffer and less flexible due to the amount of lubricating
1. With regard to the normal ageing process. Discuss expected changes that may occur.
A. The Musculo-skeletal system?
Aging changes in the musculoskeletal system can lead to decreased mobility, increase in pain, lower activity, the ability to maintain strength and co-ordination.
Regular exercise can maintain strength and function and help reduce risk of falls, reduce pain and help the older person in maintaining levels of independence.
The Musculo-skeletal is made up of muscles, bones, joint, tendons, and connective tissue.
Muscles: As we get older muscle loses its size, strength and tone. This can contribute to fatigue, weakness and reduced tolerance to exercise. This is caused by a number of factors working in combination, including:
• Muscle fibers reduce in number and shrink in size.
• Muscle tissue is replaced more slowly and lost muscle tissue is replaced with a tough, fibrous tissue.
• Changes cause muscles to have reduced tone and inability to contract. Inactivity can hasten and add to this process.
Bones: provide structure and support to the body. Around middle age bone mass (or bone density) gradually begins to decline. As bone growth slows, the bones become thin and more sponge-like.
• Inactivity causes bone wastage.
• Hormonal changes – in women, menopause triggers the loss of minerals in bone tissue.
• In men, the gradual decline in sex hormones leads to the later development of osteoporosis.
• Bones lose calcium and other minerals.
When the bones are weak and do not support the body, there is an increased risk for fractures, falls, movement slows and changes in posture can lead to gait pattern change.
Joints and connective tissue.
Bones do not have direct contact each other; they are cushioned and lined with cartilage, synovial membranes and a lubricating fluid inside your joints (synovial fluid). As you age, joint movement becomes stiffer and less flexible due to the amount of lubricating