Act Utilitarianism

Ethics The field of ethics ( or moral philosophy) involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. Ethics is the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it and there are two levels: on individual level and on society level. On individual level is a person’s own moral beliefs i.e. what he accepts as right and wrong, good or bad. For example, vegetarian and non-vegetarian and on society level is norms and standards accepted by a society. The word ethics derived from Greek word, ‘Ethos’ which means customs. Ethics is basically the philosophical study of morality and the word moral is derived from a Latin word ‘mores’ which means manners.
Act utilitarianism give importance in consequences of an action where concerns with only the pleasure and happiness. Comparably rule utilitarianism is if an action is accordance with a rule, it is said to be right.
…further more there are two main utilitarian who proposed two different answers to this. Jeremy Bentham said “pleasure” and gave importance to consequences of an action which brings about pleasure. Where as John Stuart Mill said “happiness” and have added that happiness is not merely a sum total of pleasure.
…Jeremy Bentham have proposed the fundamental norm of hedonistic utilitarianism : An act is right if it brings about pleasure and an act is wrong if it brings about pain. John Stuart Mill gave the fundamental norm of Eudemonistic Utilitarianism : An act is right if it brings about happiness and wrong if it brings about
to B, nature has placed man under the guidance of two sovereign: ‘Pleasure and pain’. He said “man is a pleasure seeking and a pain avoiding animal.” Whatever brings pleasure is good and whatever brings pain is bad. And our duty is to maximize the balance of pleasure nor pain in life. This position B called the principle of utility

Aristotle’s conception of eudaemonia

The Keynote of Aristotle’s ethics is struck in the first sentence of his great work “Nichomachian Ethics”- ‘every art and every inquiry, every action and choice, seems to aim at some good; whence the good has rightly been defined as that at which all things aim. All actions aim at something other than itself and from its tendency to produce this it derives its value.’ Aristotle’s ethics is definitely teleological morality for him consists in doing certain actions not because we see them to be right in themselves but because we see them to be such as will being us nearer to the ‘good for