The novel, A Lesson before Dying, was written by Ernest J. Gaines in 1993. Gaines was born on the River Lake plantation in Louisiana, where he was raised by his aunt, Miss Augusteen Jefferson. Racism was prevalent shown by the whites-only libraries in Louisiana. After 15 years of living in Louisiana, Gaines moved to California, although he states Louisiana never left him. California had libraries available for the blacks also. In California, he lived with his mother and which inspired him to the point of writing about six novels and scores of short stories. In 1953, Gaines was drafted into the Army, and he later went on to study creative writing at Stanford University. While in the library, Gaines …show more content…
Gaines exemplifies attitude by using literary devices such as hyperboles and verbal irony. During an interview, Gaines stated that there were not many writers of his own culture and background (Bridges n.p.). Gaines did not enjoy the books, as they did not have the cultural integrity as he would have liked to see. Throughout A Lesson before Dying, Gaines shows the attitude of the characters to portray the cultural variations seen throughout society. Gaines depicts Grant Wiggins as an educated school teacher that does not like his own culture. Grant wants to run away from his current being; however his culture and race will always be the same. Tante Lou forces Grant to help Jefferson become a man and not die as a "hog". Grant resists helping at first, but he later on does what his aunt asks of him. Miss Emma repeatedly tells Grant and Tante Lou that Grant does not have to help her or Jefferson. For example, Grant sarcastically says, "Miss Emma repeated the old refrain I had heard about a hundred times the day before" (Gaines 44). Gaines writes this hyperbole to show the attitude and the difference between Miss Emma and Grant 's education. Grant is not the average African American in the society, and his cultural values are different than what Miss Emma under terms like faith. In another instance, attitude is shown by saying, " 'Quiet, ' the deputy said. 'Yes, sir, ' Miss Emma said. The deputy grinned. 'Jefferson 's been quiet, ' " (Gaines 69-70). In conclusion, Gaines believes oral language is necessary to show the attitude of his