Preview

40 Studies

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
516 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
40 Studies
Its not just about salivating dogs! 1. Research method- Pavlov chose food as the UCS. He then needed to find a neural stimulus that was completely unrelated to food, he chose the sound of a metronome. Over several trials, the dog was exposed to the metronome ticking, then receiving food immediately. Pavlov repeated this using different UCS and CS as well. 2. Results- The sound of the metronome had acquired the property of stimulating salivary secretion. 3. Application- In the early 1970’s, studies were conducted that attempted to apply Pavlovian conditioning techniques to solve the problem of the killing of sheep by coyotes and wolves without the need for killing the predators.

Little emotional Albert 1. Research method- In order to see if Albert was afraid of certain stimuli, he was presented with a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, masks with and without hair, and white cotton wool. These objects produced no fear, they were known as neutral stimuli. They put a steel bar four feet behind Albert, and struck it, seeing if the noise would create fear. The researchers then presented Albert with the white rat and frightening noise at the same time. 2. Results- Over time, Albert reacted with extreme fear to the white rat alone. He cried, turned away, and crawled away extremely fast. 3. Application- One study examined the facial expressions of emotion of infants. It studied infants expressions at a young age to see if they were the same within different cultures.
Knock Wood! 1. Research method- Eight pigeons were fed less than their normal daily amount for several days. Each pigeon was placed alone in the experimental cage for a few minutes each day and left to do whatever pigeons do. During this time, reinforcement was being delivered automatically every fifteen seconds. 2. Results- The pigeons behaved as if a certain action would produce food, they became ‘superstitious.’ 3. Application- A study examined the role of

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    This essay will look at the work of two very famous behaviourists. It will consider the differences and similarities as well as give descriptive detail of their actual experiments and see if any contribution was provided to mankind. It will focus on the theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning which occurs through interaction with the environment. As this was done by experimenting with animals, it is also necessary to consider the rules and restrictions that are needed to be kept in mind as research ethics applies to any experiments done on any living thing.…

    • 1311 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    psy 360

    • 1407 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Behaviorism had many shortfalls with its primary one being that it excluded the effect of genetics entirely. It only accounted for what had been learned through reward and punishment only. Questions were raised and answers were missing when examining the question through the lens of behaviorism only. One area where ethologists observed discrepancies were in fixed-action patterns and critical periods in animals. Fixed-action patterns were behaviors that received little to no reward or punishment in which the animals engaged in and critical period referred to a specific period of time in which if a…

    • 1407 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Classic Conditioning

    • 631 Words
    • 3 Pages

    • Pavlov demonstrated that the dog had formed a conditioned association between two events. What…

    • 631 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Ivan Pavlov was a Russian Physiologist. At the end of the 19th century Pavlov was conducting research into the physiology of digestion in dogs. During an experiment he discovered something very interesting about the dogs’ behaviour and started studying it. He came up with the theory of classical conditioning, which lead on to more research into behaviour.…

    • 1263 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Dfa7130 Assignment 2

    • 1321 Words
    • 6 Pages

    In the 19th B. F. Skinner he believed that the results he discovered with rats in his ‘Skinner Box’ would be transferable to humans, that is our behaviour responds to a stimuli, whether praise or disapproval.…

    • 1321 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    WEEK 2 QUIZ

    • 798 Words
    • 8 Pages

    After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not _____________________ had occurred.…

    • 798 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Pavlov 's dog salivates in response to a number of stimuli related with food, such as the sight of the food dish, the sight of the individual who brought the food into the room, and the sound of the door closing when the food arrives. Pavlov recognized that the dog 's association of…

    • 1138 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Little Albert

    • 401 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Explained the initial pairing of the bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning, including US, CS, and CR. (10 points)…

    • 401 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sara Experimental Syllabus

    • 1668 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Course Description: This is a laboratory course designed to acquaint students with the application of experimental methods to psychological problems. Experiments are conducted in a variety of areas chosen to give students an appreciation of the range of current psychological research. Particular emphasis is given to the areas of experimental methodology, psychophysics, and learning.…

    • 1668 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Raynor & Watson carried out a controversial experiment in 1920 using classical conditioning to try and understand the origins of different fears and phobias. They observed the behaviour of a boy named Albert and found that he took a liking to a white rat and did not demonstrate any fear when subjected to the rat; the only thing that he expressed any fear of was a loud noise which would make him cry. They combined the loud noise with the rat which he later developed a phobia of. Both experiments demonstrate the effects of classical conditioning.…

    • 802 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Learning Theories

    • 374 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Pavlov’s discovery that dogs would salivate to particular sounds in his laboratory led him to identify a process of learning called classical conditioning. His work had a major influence on the field, particularly on the development of behaviorism. His research also demonstrated techniques of studying reactions to the environment in an objective, scientific method.…

    • 374 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Usually during this stage for learning to happen the UCS must link to the CS in order for it to be strengthened, however, this isn’t always the case, if for example, you were ill after having too much to drink and every time you smelt the same drink, if made you feel ill or you had food poisoning from a certain food and the same happened every time you smelt the food. Stage three, now the CS and UCS have created a conditioned response (CR) (Examples found in appendix 1) (Simply Psychology, 2013). Pavlov did many experiments including Pavlov’s Dog experiment. Pavlov believed that there were some aspects of a dog’s behaviour that did not need to be learned such as, they don’t learn to salivate whenever they see food, this is a unconditioned response. Pavlov proved this by placing a bowl of food in front of a dog and measuring its salivary secretions (see appendix 2). Although, Pavlov learned that the dog would salivate in any place he would associate food for example, when the dog saw Pavlov’s lab assistant. This must have been learned as there was once a point in which the dogs didn’t do it, therefore once this started this meant their behaviour…

    • 398 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    3. In Pavlov’s experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a(n) Conditioned stimulus.…

    • 843 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor in 1920 conducted a study of classical conditioning, an…

    • 316 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Little Albert Studies

    • 995 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Classical conditioning has been impacted by many studies. The Little Albert experiment which was done by Watson and Rayner in 1920 showed empirical evidence of classical conditioning in humans. Although this case study is widely disputed in it’s methods, it added a world of knowledge to the field of psychology. This was a huge breakthrough for behavioral studies. Up until this time it was shown that classical conditioning was possible in dogs but there wasn’t any research on if it would work for humans as well. Research on classical conditioning can apply to many different areas including prejudices, phobias, paraphilias, drug addictions, and many more (Mary Baldwin College,…

    • 995 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays