3.03 Calorimetry Lab

One of the wonders of this planet is water. Water makes up 65% of humans, and 70% of the Earth. It is also common knowledge that humans cannot survive three days without it. Water is essential. If almost three-fourths of Earth is made up of water, why are there still so many people in the world suffering from a lack of it? Although not all water can be used for drinking purposes, in many places, water that is drinkable- is polluted or deluded by many agricultural and industrial motives and damage humans have caused (Friend). In this experiment, the goal is not to purify muddy water completely from microorganisms and bacteria, but to find the most efficient way to cleanse it from the dirt and soil particles that cause the murky color using physical
Chemicals should satisfy the following characteristics: if it’s safe to use, easily found in a market, and if it’s in a powder or liquid format so that different concentrated solutions can be used for tests. Aluminate Sulfate (Alum), salt, and white vinegar satisfy these and are the chemicals that will be used. The different concentration of the Alum solution (Alum dissolved in water) as well as the mixed solution of Alum with other materials respectively (salt and white vinegar) will apply to the same amount of dirty water. The results of clearness of different mixed solution and different concentration will be measured and
Turbidity is the clearness/cloudiness of water when a light is shown through."It is an optical characteristic of water and is an expression of the amount of light that is scattered by material in the water when a light is shined through the water sample"(“Turbidity”). Because the cost of a professional turbidimeter is quite expensive, there will be separate tools combined to substitute one, including a LED light source (flashlight), a photoresistor, and a multimeter, which measures the resistor value of the photoresistor. The reason the photoresistor is used is because it can show if the water is actually dirty or not objectively, because the naked eye is subjective. When the photoresistor is covered, the multimeter-which is connected to the photoresistor, indicates a higher resistor number when there is less light, and lowers in number when it is in contact and receives more light. If the water is dirty, it has more solid particles in it, therefore more light is scattered and vice versa