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world history notes
John Locke: -born: August 29, 1632 -died: October 28, 1704 -Document: The Second Treatise of government -Summary: It identified the basis of a legitimate government. (ruler gains authority though consent of those governed; duty of government is to protect natural rights [life, liberty, & property]; citizens have right to overthrow the government if they fail to protect these rights)

Thomas Hobbes: -life: 1588-1679 -Document: Leviathan -Summary: Argues that civil peace and unity are best achieved by the establishment of a commonwealth through a social contract

William Blackstone: -life: 1723-1780 -Document: Commentaries on the Laws of England -Summary: The first attempt to state the entire corpus of the Common Law. The directions were applied to the study and practice of law in England & the US. Rendered the legal system accessible to those educated in lower classes.

Voltaire: -life: 1694-1778 -Document: Dictionnaire philosophique portatif -Summary: Contained articles that criticized the Roman Catholic Church and other institutions

Charles de Montesquieu: -life: 1689-1755 -Document: The Spirit of the Laws -Summary: Written to explain human laws and social institutions. Explains that the key to understanding different laws and social systems is to recognize that they should be adapted to a variety of different factors, and cannot be properly understood unless one considers them in this light; laws should be adapted. Believes the constitution of a country is a reflection of what the people are.

Jean Jacques Rousseau: -life: 1712-1778 -Document: The Social Contract -Summary: States that the "chains" of civil society suppress the natural birthright of man to physical freedom & that the only legitimate political authority is the authority consented to by all the people. who have agreed to such government by entering a social contract.

Thomas Aquinas: -life: 1225-1274 -Document: Summa Theologica -Summary: A
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