Understanding the Autonomic Nervous System
* Difference in Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System * The somatic nervous system consists of nerves that provide VOLUNTARY control over skeletal muscles * The autonomic nervous system exerts INVOLUNTARY control over the contraction of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.
* Basic function of the Sympathetic VS Parasympathetic Systems * Sympathetic system= “fight of flight” * Parasympathetic system= “rest and digest” * Both autonomic branches are required for body homeostasis
* Five mechanisms that medications can affect synapses in the ANS 1. Increase/decrease the synthesis of the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic nerve 2. Prevent the storage of the neurotransmitters in vesicles within the presynaptic nerve 3. Influence the release (stimulation) of the neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve 4. Prolong the normal destruction of the neurotransmitter (stays in synapse longer) 5. Bind to postsynaptic receptors and stimulate target tissue
* Classification and naming of meds that works in the ANS
* Four classes of autonomic drugs: adrenergic agents, cholinergic agents, adrenergic-blocking agents, and cholinergic-blocking agents.
* Adrenergic agents (Sympathomimetrics) stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and causes “fight or flight” symptoms, common for treating shock and hypotension. * Adrenergic-blocking agents (Sympatholytics) inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and causes “rest and digest” responses, used to treat hypertension. * Cholinergic agents (parasympathetic) are mimic the “rest and digest” response * Cholinergic-blocking agents (anticholinergics) are drugs that inhibit the parasympathetic impulses, increase “fight or flight” symptoms
* Sympathomimetrics- produce symptoms of “fight of flight” …… (stimulate) * Sympatholytics- produce symptoms of “rest and digest” …… (inhibit)
1. Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system:
* Basic function of the Sympathetic VS Parasympathetic Systems * Sympathetic system= “fight of flight” * Parasympathetic system= “rest and digest” * Both autonomic branches are required for body homeostasis
* Five mechanisms that medications can affect synapses in the ANS 1. Increase/decrease the synthesis of the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic nerve 2. Prevent the storage of the neurotransmitters in vesicles within the presynaptic nerve 3. Influence the release (stimulation) of the neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve 4. Prolong the normal destruction of the neurotransmitter (stays in synapse longer) 5. Bind to postsynaptic receptors and stimulate target tissue
* Classification and naming of meds that works in the ANS
* Four classes of autonomic drugs: adrenergic agents, cholinergic agents, adrenergic-blocking agents, and cholinergic-blocking agents.
* Adrenergic agents (Sympathomimetrics) stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and causes “fight or flight” symptoms, common for treating shock and hypotension. * Adrenergic-blocking agents (Sympatholytics) inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and causes “rest and digest” responses, used to treat hypertension. * Cholinergic agents (parasympathetic) are mimic the “rest and digest” response * Cholinergic-blocking agents (anticholinergics) are drugs that inhibit the parasympathetic impulses, increase “fight or flight” symptoms
* Sympathomimetrics- produce symptoms of “fight of flight” …… (stimulate) * Sympatholytics- produce symptoms of “rest and digest” …… (inhibit)
1. Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system: