Simple Neuro Study Guide

NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM
DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM:
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)=Brain & Spinal Cord
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
a. Autonomic Nervous System=System Homeostasis
b. Sympathetic Nervous System=Fight or Flight
c. Parasympathetic Nervous System=Rest & Digest
d. Enteric Nervous System=GI system
NEURONS
1. 3 parts of a nerve cell
a. Dendrites
b. Cell Body
c. Axon
2. Types of nerves:
a. Afferent Neurons=sensory, conduct impulses TO the brain
b. Efferent Neurons=motor, conduct impulses AWAY from the brain
c. Interneurons
3. Types of Cells in the CNS:
a. Astrocytes
b. Microglia
c. Oligodendrocytes-form myelin sheath of CNS
d. Schwann Cells-form myelin sheath of PNS
4. White matter vs. Gray matter
5. Myelin and its function
6. Nodes of Ranvier
7. Ganglion-clump of nerve cell bodies in the nerve tract
NERVE IMPULSE
1. Self-Propagating
2. Action Potential
a. Potassium (K+) primarily inside the cell and Sodium (Na+) primarily outside the cell WHILE AT REST
b. Stimulus applied to nerve
c. Na+ rushes into the cell very quickly resulting in a sudden positive charge inside the cell

d. K+ channels are triggered to open and K+ flows out of the cell to balance the change in charge.
3. Review the sodium-potassium pump
SALTATORY CONDUCTION
1. Rapid conduction via myelin.
2. Review mechanism of conduction and purpose.
SYNAPSES
1. Presynaptic Neuron-releases neurotransmitters into the synapse
2. Postsynaptic Neuron-contains receptors for neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neuron.
3. Synapse-the space between presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron: where nerve cells “talk” to each other.
4. Review Neurotransmitters
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (BRAIN)
1. Brain Stem: Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Midbrain
2. Diencephalon: tucked between midbrain and cerebrum
a. Hypothalmus (Posterior Pituitary Gland), Thalmus (emotions of pleasantness), Pineal Gland
3. Cerebellum (balance)
4. Cerebrum (cognitive function)
5.