1. A portion of specific DNA molecule consists of the following sequence of nucleotide triplets.
TAC GAA CTT GGG TCC
This DNA sequence codes for the following short polypeptide. methionine - leucine - glutamic acid - proline - arginine
Describe the steps in the synthesis of this polypeptide.
What would be the effect of a deletion or an addition in one of the DNA nucleotides?
What would be the effects of a substitution in one of the nucleotides?
2. Describe the operon hypothesis and discuss how it explains the control of messenger RNA production and the regulation of protein synthesis in bacterial cells.
3. Scientists seeking to determine which molecule is responsible for the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next knew that the molecule must (1) copy itself precisely, (2) be stable but able to be changed, and (3) be complex enough to determine the organism’s phenotype.
a. Explain how DNA meets each of the three criteria stated above. b. Select one of the criteria stated above and describe experimental evidence used to determine that DNA is the hereditary material.
4. Describe the biochemical composition, structure, and replication of DNA. Discuss how recombinant DNA techniques may be used to correct a point mutation.
5. Describe the production and processing of a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell. Begin with the separation of the messenger RNA from the DNA template and end with the release of the protein at the plasma membrane.
6. Describe the steps of protein synthesis, beginning with the attachment of a messenger RNA molecule to the small subunit of a ribosome and ending generalized with the release of the polypeptide from the ribosome. Include in your answer a discussion of how the different types of RNA function in this process.
7. By using the techniques of genetic engineering, scientists are able to modify genetic materials so that a particular gene of interest from one cell can be incorporated into a different cell.
a. Describe a procedure by which this can be done. b. Explain the purpose of each step of your procedure. c. Describe how you could determine whether the gene was successfully incorporated. d. Describe an example of how gene transfer and incorporation have been used in biomedical or commercial applications.
8. Explain how aerobic organisms tolerate the presence of oxygen in their metabolic pathways despite its toxic properties.
9. Explain how temperature and pH levels can influence microbial infections in the human body.
10. Describe the basic similarities and differences between DNA replication and transcription.
11. Describe the various types of nucleic acids that are typically found in cells.
12. What is reverse transcriptase, and why is it an important tool of recombinant DNA technology?
13. Compare and contrast the types of vectors used in recombinant DNA technology.
14. Some sterilization procedures do not kill all the microbes that may be present. Explain how these procedures can still be considered sterilization.
15. Describe the cellular structures or processes that can be targets of antimicrobial agents.
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) is a polynucleotide molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. Most DNA molecules are double stranded helices, consisting of two polynucleotide strands made up of simpler molecules known as nucleotides. A nucleotide is made up of an organic nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups. It is order of these bases which make up the genetic code; a set of rules, by which information is encoded within genetic material.…
- 1411 Words
- 6 Pages
Good Essays -
“Proteins are often modified AFTER translation. Give examples (3) of these processes. Include in you answer a reason for the modification or its role.”…
- 1248 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
13. Another name for protein synthesis is _T_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.…
- 1063 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
Note: The names of these nitrogenous bases are adenine (red), cytosine (yellow), guanine (blue), and thymine (green).…
- 866 Words
- 5 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
-Be able to use an codon table to determine the amino acid sequence if given an mRNA message.-…
- 1146 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
B. What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide? How do these molecules connect together?…
- 381 Words
- 3 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
List four cell organelles that are involved in the process of making protein. What is the contribution of each organelle to this process?…
- 1199 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
1) How might the binding of a molecule bound to the surface of Cell A be connected to the intracellular phosphorylation of protein Y in Cell B? (10 pts)…
- 739 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
6. In prokaryotes most of the control of protein synthesis occurs at the level of ________. (1 point) a. b. c. d. translation transcription replication reverse transcription…
- 1447 Words
- 6 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
2. Note that in this activity, you will simulate the protein synthesis process. In this simulation, you will translate the code and join letters to make sentences in the way amino acids join to form a completed protein.…
- 1337 Words
- 6 Pages
Powerful Essays -
(b) Discuss how the structure of a protein affects the function of TWO of the following.…
- 1503 Words
- 7 Pages
Good Essays -
2. The Gene Theory: DNA is made up of nucleotides that contain a sequence. The sequence can be changed by mutation or crossing over.…
- 297 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
5. For each of the three DNA strands identified in question 4. provide the Amino Acid chains (protiens)…
- 254 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
- Nucleotides are the subunits that make up DNA. Each nucleotide is made of three parts: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar molecule, and a nitrogen-containing base. While the sugar molecule and the phosphate group are the same for each nucleotide in a molecule of the DNA, the nitrogen base may be any one of four different kind: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine. The DNA shown resembles a ladder twisted like a spiral staircase. The sugar-phosphate backbones are similar to the side rails of a ladder. The paired nitrogen bases are similar to the rungs of the ladder. The nitrogen bases face each other. The double helix is held together by weak hydrogen bonds between the pairs of bases.…
- 299 Words
- 1 Page
Satisfactory Essays -
3. Who can be credited with determining that DNA is the genetic material of living things?…
- 309 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays