Quiz 2 Bio 100
EVOLUTION and NATURAL SELECTION (30 pts) a. What is a mutation? Provide 3 examples of different mutations causing specific diseases in human population. For each example explain what kind of mutation that is (ie. A point substitution, a chromosomal duplication etc).
Mutation is a genetic mistake(s) that occur during DNA replication. 1. Progeria accelerated aging; mutation in the LMNA gene 2. Hypertrichosis excessive hair on the shoulders, face and ears; implicate it to a rearrangement of chromosome 8. 3. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder born without an effective immune system. b. Why is genetic drift more significant for small populations?
The small population numbers would have resulted in specific genetic traits being passed down to the subsequent generations. The lack of any other gene pools to intermix with would have allowed for specific traits to pass down within a community. c. In week 2 we discussed that individuals can have no more than two different alleles for each trait. In population genetics we can operate with multiple alleles for each trait. How is it possible?
Due to the increase of humans moving and evolving areas, polygenic trait is the effect caused by the interaction of different genes. Blood pressure is not the result of a single gene. The phenotype is a mixture of a person’s weight, metabolism, etc. Each of these factors have multiple alleles.
d. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is an important approach for predicting the dynamic s in allelic distribution. It uses 4 assumptions. List those assumptions and explain for each of them, why they are unattainable in real life. You can organize your answer as a table.
1. Random mating, most humans tend to mate with other individuals who share common similarities as themselves. 2. Mutation, add variation within a population, effects are limited. 3. Genetic drift, population size has to be limited 4. Imbreeding, it’s gross and not
Mutation is a genetic mistake(s) that occur during DNA replication. 1. Progeria accelerated aging; mutation in the LMNA gene 2. Hypertrichosis excessive hair on the shoulders, face and ears; implicate it to a rearrangement of chromosome 8. 3. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder born without an effective immune system. b. Why is genetic drift more significant for small populations?
The small population numbers would have resulted in specific genetic traits being passed down to the subsequent generations. The lack of any other gene pools to intermix with would have allowed for specific traits to pass down within a community. c. In week 2 we discussed that individuals can have no more than two different alleles for each trait. In population genetics we can operate with multiple alleles for each trait. How is it possible?
Due to the increase of humans moving and evolving areas, polygenic trait is the effect caused by the interaction of different genes. Blood pressure is not the result of a single gene. The phenotype is a mixture of a person’s weight, metabolism, etc. Each of these factors have multiple alleles.
d. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is an important approach for predicting the dynamic s in allelic distribution. It uses 4 assumptions. List those assumptions and explain for each of them, why they are unattainable in real life. You can organize your answer as a table.
1. Random mating, most humans tend to mate with other individuals who share common similarities as themselves. 2. Mutation, add variation within a population, effects are limited. 3. Genetic drift, population size has to be limited 4. Imbreeding, it’s gross and not