Chapter 10:
Intelligence: Adaptive Mind versus Psychometric Views
Mental Tests, Galton, Factor Analysis, g and s factors in intelligence, factor analysis Catell and Horn: Fluid and crystallized intelligence
Multiple intelligences (Gardner)
Sternburg’s triarchic theory: Analytic, Creative, and Practical Intelligence Achievement tests & aptitude tests
Validity, reliability, standardization (Content validity, construct validity, predictive validity) Binet and Simon: intelligence quotient, mental age & chronological age Standard deviation, normal distribution (normal curve), deviation IQ Extremes in Intelligence Scores (MR and Giftedness)
Individual differences: emotional intelligence, creativity, and tacit knowledge The Flynn Effect
Environmental and genetic factors in IQ; twin studies
Test bias, stereotype threat, and the self-fulfilling prophecy
Chapter 9:
Thinking, Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Grammar: Phonology, Semantics, and Syntax; Phonemes and Morphemes (language hierarchy) Sentence structure (Noam Chomsky: surface structure and deep structure) Pragmatics and Pragmatic Rules
Child Speak and telegraphic speech, language development, language versus communication (is language adaptive?) Classification and Categorization: defining features v. family resemblance, prototypes v. exemplars Hierarchical organization: basic level, superordinate level, subordinate level categories Problem Solving (ill-defined v. well-defined problems) & problem solving strategies Heuristics (and examples: anchoring and adjustment, representativeness, and availability) Insight, decision making, and Framing
Confirmation Bias, Belief Persistence
Chapter 11:
Instincts, Drives, Motivation, Emotion
Homeostasis, Incentive Motivation, Achievement Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (biological versus psychological needs) Eating: Important brain areas, chemicals, and external factors (cues, time of day, associations, etc.) Set Point, Obesity, & Eating Disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa) The sexual response cycle (excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasmic phase, resolution phase-refractory period) Internal and external factors (estrogens, androgens, erogenous zones, pheromones) Mate Selection: sexual scripts, evolutionary influences, and sexual orientation Emotion: facial expression, the role of culture, and the facial-feedback hypothesis The role of arousal in emotional experience: physiological arousal, anger happiness, disgust James-lange Theory, Cannon-Bard Theory, Schachter and Singer Experiment, Two-Factor Theory
Chapter 12
Personality, Traits, Factor Analysis (revisited), Cattell, Eysenk, Trait Theories; Allport (idiographic), The Big Five (OCEAN) Self-Reports, Projective Tests, Objectivity v. Subjectivity, Advantages and Disadvantages to different types of test FREUD – the structure of the mind (conscious, preconscious, unconscious). The structure of personality (id, ego, superego); the psychodynamic approach, dreams (manifest and latent content), defense mechanisms, conflict Horney and Jung
Humanism: Maslow, Rodgers
Social Cognitive Approaches: person-situation debate and genetic/environmental influences
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