Physiology
Erythrocytes
Survive 120 Days
Hemoglobin
* Globin: 4 folded polypeptide chains * Heme: Iron group in each polypeptide that binds 02
Enzymes:
* Glycolytic: generate energy through glycolysis due to lack of mitochondria * Carbonic anhydrase: for transport of CO2 into HCO3
Erythropoiesis:
* regeneration of new cells in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin (hormone): * when kidneys detect not enough 02 they secrete this hormone which stimulates erythropoiesis, increasing 02 capacity
Reticulocytes:
* immature RBC’s released to mature if not enough
Anemia:
* below normal carrying capacity of 02 meaning not enough erythropoiesis * Nutritional supplies needed not provided * Pernicious cant absorb B12 * Aplasticbone marrow doesn’t produce enough RBC * Renal diseased kidney restricts erythropoietin * Hemorrhagic too much blood loss * Hemolyticrupture of too many RBC’s
Polycythemia:
* too many RBC’s * Primary: erythropoiesis is at uncontrollable rate and blood thickens * Secondary: blood becomes thicker and normal number of RBC’s concentrated in smaller volume
Dehydration:
* saturation of cell with blood
Hematocrit % of RBC in blood * Normal 45% * Anemia 30% * Polycythemia 70% * Dehydration 70%
Erythrocytes
Survive 120 Days
Hemoglobin
* Globin: 4 folded polypeptide chains * Heme: Iron group in each polypeptide that binds 02
Enzymes:
* Glycolytic: generate energy through glycolysis due to lack of mitochondria * Carbonic anhydrase: for transport of CO2 into HCO3
Erythropoiesis:
* regeneration of new cells in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin (hormone): * when kidneys detect not enough 02 they secrete this hormone which stimulates erythropoiesis, increasing 02 capacity
Reticulocytes:
* immature RBC’s released to mature if not enough
Anemia:
* below normal carrying capacity of 02 meaning not enough erythropoiesis * Nutritional
Survive 120 Days
Hemoglobin
* Globin: 4 folded polypeptide chains * Heme: Iron group in each polypeptide that binds 02
Enzymes:
* Glycolytic: generate energy through glycolysis due to lack of mitochondria * Carbonic anhydrase: for transport of CO2 into HCO3
Erythropoiesis:
* regeneration of new cells in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin (hormone): * when kidneys detect not enough 02 they secrete this hormone which stimulates erythropoiesis, increasing 02 capacity
Reticulocytes:
* immature RBC’s released to mature if not enough
Anemia:
* below normal carrying capacity of 02 meaning not enough erythropoiesis * Nutritional supplies needed not provided * Pernicious cant absorb B12 * Aplasticbone marrow doesn’t produce enough RBC * Renal diseased kidney restricts erythropoietin * Hemorrhagic too much blood loss * Hemolyticrupture of too many RBC’s
Polycythemia:
* too many RBC’s * Primary: erythropoiesis is at uncontrollable rate and blood thickens * Secondary: blood becomes thicker and normal number of RBC’s concentrated in smaller volume
Dehydration:
* saturation of cell with blood
Hematocrit % of RBC in blood * Normal 45% * Anemia 30% * Polycythemia 70% * Dehydration 70%
Erythrocytes
Survive 120 Days
Hemoglobin
* Globin: 4 folded polypeptide chains * Heme: Iron group in each polypeptide that binds 02
Enzymes:
* Glycolytic: generate energy through glycolysis due to lack of mitochondria * Carbonic anhydrase: for transport of CO2 into HCO3
Erythropoiesis:
* regeneration of new cells in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin (hormone): * when kidneys detect not enough 02 they secrete this hormone which stimulates erythropoiesis, increasing 02 capacity
Reticulocytes:
* immature RBC’s released to mature if not enough
Anemia:
* below normal carrying capacity of 02 meaning not enough erythropoiesis * Nutritional