Notes Electric Charge and Electric Field
Electric Charge and Electric Field:->
1. Electric Charge
Electric charge is a fundamental property like mass, length etc associated with elementary particles for example electron, proton and many more.
Electric charge is the property responsible for electric forces which acts between nucleus and electron to bind the atom together.
Charges are of two kinds
(i) negative charge
(ii) positive charge
Electrons are negatively charged particles and protons, of which nucleus is made of, are positively charged particles. Actually nucleus is made of protons and neutrons but neutrons are uncharged particles.
electric force between two electrons is same as electric force between two protons kept at same distance apart i. e., both set repel each other but electric force between an electron and proton placed at same distance apart is not repulsive but attractive in nature.
Conclusion
(a) Like charges repel each other
(b) Unlike charges attract each other
Assignment of negative charge on electron and positive charge on proton is purely conventional , it does not mean that charge on electron is less than that on proton.
Importance of electric forces is that it encompasses almost each and every field associated with our life; being it matter made up of atoms or molecules in which electric charges are exactly balanced or adhesive forces of glue associated with surface tension, all are electric in nature.
Unit
Charge on a system can be measured by comparing it with the charge on a standard body.
SI unit of charge is Coulomb written as C.
1 Coulomb is the charge flowing through the wire in 1 second if the electric current in it is 1A.
Charge on electron is -1.602 × 10 -19 C and charge on proton is positive of this value.
2. Basic properties of electric charge
(i) Additivity of charges
Charges adds up like real numbers i. e., they are Scalars more clearly if any system has n number of charges q1, q2, q3, qn then
1. Electric Charge
Electric charge is a fundamental property like mass, length etc associated with elementary particles for example electron, proton and many more.
Electric charge is the property responsible for electric forces which acts between nucleus and electron to bind the atom together.
Charges are of two kinds
(i) negative charge
(ii) positive charge
Electrons are negatively charged particles and protons, of which nucleus is made of, are positively charged particles. Actually nucleus is made of protons and neutrons but neutrons are uncharged particles.
electric force between two electrons is same as electric force between two protons kept at same distance apart i. e., both set repel each other but electric force between an electron and proton placed at same distance apart is not repulsive but attractive in nature.
Conclusion
(a) Like charges repel each other
(b) Unlike charges attract each other
Assignment of negative charge on electron and positive charge on proton is purely conventional , it does not mean that charge on electron is less than that on proton.
Importance of electric forces is that it encompasses almost each and every field associated with our life; being it matter made up of atoms or molecules in which electric charges are exactly balanced or adhesive forces of glue associated with surface tension, all are electric in nature.
Unit
Charge on a system can be measured by comparing it with the charge on a standard body.
SI unit of charge is Coulomb written as C.
1 Coulomb is the charge flowing through the wire in 1 second if the electric current in it is 1A.
Charge on electron is -1.602 × 10 -19 C and charge on proton is positive of this value.
2. Basic properties of electric charge
(i) Additivity of charges
Charges adds up like real numbers i. e., they are Scalars more clearly if any system has n number of charges q1, q2, q3, qn then