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Industrial Revolution Study Guide

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Industrial Revolution Study Guide
* The Industrial Revolution Study Guide
Pre-Revolution Situation
- Early 1700s= England covered in small farmsàlandowners bought small farms=big farms formedàallowed farmers make bigger fields
- New Farming Techniques: * Seed Drill, crop rotation, experiments with animal reproduction àincrease in food supplyàmore people fed for less $ à increase in populationàsurplus labor for new factoriesàmore people with money/more demand for goods
Where did it start and why?
- Started in Britain (UK)
- Britain had ample minerals like coal/iron
- Investments put into construction of roads, bridges, canals
Jethro Tull
- Invented the seed drill * To make sure seeds can germinate
Richard Trevithick
- Pioneered 1st steam machine powered locomotive on industrial rail line in S. Wales * Pulled 10 tons of ore/70 people @ 5mph
Effects on Society
- Urbanization: city development and movement of people to cities * In Britain
- Life in Cities: * Factories built in population centers=attracted more people * Double in size of population * Depressing * No sanitation codes, no city planning * No drains, no garbage collection * Families lived in one room * Disease widespread * Life expectancy: 17yrs for working people in city, 38 in rural areas
- Working Conditions: * Factory owners wanted to keep machines running as much as possible * Average day: 14hrs, 6 days * Work never changed * Dangerous * Loss of limbs * No gov welfare program to aid injured workers * Coal mine work made people lived 10 yrs less than other jobs
- Factories
- James Watt * Scottish engineer created engine powered by steam that could pump water from mines 3x as quickly as other machines * Enlarged possibilities of steam engines * Steam power could now be applied to spinning/weaving cotton * Engines fired by coal didn’t need
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