History of Management
9/19/2012
of Management and Management Research
History
1-11
Historical Background of Management
Example: Weapon Production System in Qin Dynasty
1-12
1
9/19/2012
Scientific Management
• Fredrick Winslow Taylor
(American 1856-1915)
– The “father” of scientific management – An mechanical engineer – Authored 46 patents – A proponent of Efficiency Movement.
1-13
• Pig Iron Experiment: 12 ton->47 ton • • • Better Match Follow Orders Incentives
1-14
2
9/19/2012
Taylor’s Principles “Taylorism”
• Be Scientific: Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. • Discipline: Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. • Order: Provide "Detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task“. • Division of Labor: Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks.
1-15
Scientific Management
• Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Gilbreth
Therbligs
1-16
3
9/19/2012
Scientific Management
• The theory of scientific management (summary)
– Using scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done: • Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment • Having a standardized method of doing the job • Providing an economic incentive to the worker
1-17
Scientific Management
– Broader impacts – Suppressive nature of the theory
• On worker’s nature
“I can say, without the slightest hesitation, that the science of handling pig-iron is so great that the man who is ... physically able to handle pig-iron is sufficiently stupid… is rarely able to comprehend the science of handling pig-iron.”
• Managers as enforcers
“It is only through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the
of Management and Management Research
History
1-11
Historical Background of Management
Example: Weapon Production System in Qin Dynasty
1-12
1
9/19/2012
Scientific Management
• Fredrick Winslow Taylor
(American 1856-1915)
– The “father” of scientific management – An mechanical engineer – Authored 46 patents – A proponent of Efficiency Movement.
1-13
• Pig Iron Experiment: 12 ton->47 ton • • • Better Match Follow Orders Incentives
1-14
2
9/19/2012
Taylor’s Principles “Taylorism”
• Be Scientific: Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. • Discipline: Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. • Order: Provide "Detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task“. • Division of Labor: Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks.
1-15
Scientific Management
• Frank Gilbreth and Lillian Gilbreth
Therbligs
1-16
3
9/19/2012
Scientific Management
• The theory of scientific management (summary)
– Using scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done: • Putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment • Having a standardized method of doing the job • Providing an economic incentive to the worker
1-17
Scientific Management
– Broader impacts – Suppressive nature of the theory
• On worker’s nature
“I can say, without the slightest hesitation, that the science of handling pig-iron is so great that the man who is ... physically able to handle pig-iron is sufficiently stupid… is rarely able to comprehend the science of handling pig-iron.”
• Managers as enforcers
“It is only through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the