Fluid Mechanics

CHAPTER 1: FLUID PROPERTIES

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, you should be able to:  Define Fluid  State differences between solid and fluid  Calculate common fluid properties: i. Mass density ii. Specific weight iii. Relative density iv. Dynamic viscosity v. Kinematic viscosity

INTRODUCTION
Fluid Mechanics
Gas Liquids Statics i F  0 F  0 i Laminar/ Turbulent

Dynamics

, Flows
Compressible/ Incompressible

Air, He, Ar, N2, etc.

Water, Oils, Alcohols, etc.

Stability Pressure Buoyancy

Surface Tension Compressibility Density Viscosity Vapor Pressure

Steady/Unsteady Viscous/Inviscid

Fluid Dynamics: Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Fluid Introduction Statics Rest of Course  Fluid mechanics 1. study of forces and motions in fluids 3 2. study of how fluids move and the forces on them

Applications of fluid mechanics
          Aerodynamics Bioengineering and biological systems Combustion Energy generation Geology Hydraulics and Hydrology Hydrodynamics Meteorology Ocean and Coastal Engineering Water Resources

History
 Archimedes (287-212 B.C.) - calculation of the hydrostatic buoyancy.
 Leonardo da Vinci (1500)-calculation of the mass conservation, reduction of flow resistance by form shaping, motion of waves, the hydraulic jump and the flow turbulence, behavior of free jets and wake flows

 Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647) formulates a mathematical relation for the friction-free calculation of the efflux of a liquid out from a vessel.  Edme Mariotte (1628-1684) realizes a first test channel for measuring the resistance of bodies in flows.  Isaac Newton (1643-1727) Flow mechanical processes. Postulates the fluid resistance to be proportional to the velocity difference. As a measure for the resistance of “normal” fluids (water, air) he introduces the viscosity and flow behavior of a rotating cylinder.  Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) Pressure change and the acceleration of a fluid, introduces the