Factors affecting performance pdhpe
FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
How does training affect performance?
• energy systems anaerobic Alactacid (ATP/PC)
Lactic acid
Aerobic
Process
An explosive movement causes the ATP to ‘split’, providing energy for muscular contraction
Anaerobic glycolysis – degradation of glucose without using oxygen
Aerobic metabolism – breakdown of fuel in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP
Source of fuel
Creatine phosphate
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate, fat and protein
ATP production
Rapidly, but for a limited time
Quickly, but requires large amount of glucose
Slowly, but uses glycogen more efficiently
Duration and intensity
ATP supplies exhausted after 2 seconds of high intensity (95-100% max effort), CP supplies exhausted after a further 10-15 seconds
Duration is dependant on the intensity. 30 seconds to 3 minutes at high intensity (70-95% max effort)
Cause of fatigue
Limited ATP and CP supplies
Accumulation of lactic acid (pyruvic acid that has not received sufficient oxygen)
Depletion of glycogen, and reliance on fat which requires more oxygen
By-products
No fatiguing by-products, but heat is produced during muscular contraction
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide and water
Recovery
ATP and CP supplies fully restored within 2 minutes
30 minutes to an hour
Dependant on duration of used, but can be up to 48 hours
Examples of use
100m sprint, shot put, discus, high jump
400m and 800m run, 100m and 200m swim triathlon, 1500m swim, marathon
• principles of training progressive overload – gains in fitness will be made when the training load is greater than normal and gradually increased as improvements occur. specificity – greatest gains will be made when the activity in the training program resembles the movements, energy systems used and skills in the game or activity being trained for. reversibility – a decrease or ceasing of training will cause a decrease in fitness. variety – frequent change in activities will cause interest and
How does training affect performance?
• energy systems anaerobic Alactacid (ATP/PC)
Lactic acid
Aerobic
Process
An explosive movement causes the ATP to ‘split’, providing energy for muscular contraction
Anaerobic glycolysis – degradation of glucose without using oxygen
Aerobic metabolism – breakdown of fuel in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP
Source of fuel
Creatine phosphate
Carbohydrate
Carbohydrate, fat and protein
ATP production
Rapidly, but for a limited time
Quickly, but requires large amount of glucose
Slowly, but uses glycogen more efficiently
Duration and intensity
ATP supplies exhausted after 2 seconds of high intensity (95-100% max effort), CP supplies exhausted after a further 10-15 seconds
Duration is dependant on the intensity. 30 seconds to 3 minutes at high intensity (70-95% max effort)
Cause of fatigue
Limited ATP and CP supplies
Accumulation of lactic acid (pyruvic acid that has not received sufficient oxygen)
Depletion of glycogen, and reliance on fat which requires more oxygen
By-products
No fatiguing by-products, but heat is produced during muscular contraction
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide and water
Recovery
ATP and CP supplies fully restored within 2 minutes
30 minutes to an hour
Dependant on duration of used, but can be up to 48 hours
Examples of use
100m sprint, shot put, discus, high jump
400m and 800m run, 100m and 200m swim triathlon, 1500m swim, marathon
• principles of training progressive overload – gains in fitness will be made when the training load is greater than normal and gradually increased as improvements occur. specificity – greatest gains will be made when the activity in the training program resembles the movements, energy systems used and skills in the game or activity being trained for. reversibility – a decrease or ceasing of training will cause a decrease in fitness. variety – frequent change in activities will cause interest and