Exam One Vocab study guide
1. Corrections: collection of local, state, and federal agencies that supervise and treat criminal defendants.
2. Eighth amendment: excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
3. Pretrial supervision: correctional supervision of a defendant who has been arrested, booked, and bonded out of jail
4. Bond: the release from jail custody in exchange for collateral or recognizance whereby the defendant promises to appear for future court dates.
5. Post-trial/post-adjudication: pertains to defendants after they have pleaded guilty or been found guilty
6. Community corrections: refers to sanctions that allow criminal offenders to remain in the community as long as they abide by certain conditions, such as maintaining employment, participating in drug treatment, or undergoing psychological treatment.
7. Institutional corrections: such as jail and prison, use confinement or the physical removal from society as a means of supervision
8. Continuum of sanctions: which is a range of sanctions or legal penalties that balance punishment, treatment, and supervision concerns with the seriousness of the offense and the offender’s criminal convictions
9. Mitigating factors: seem to reduce the culpability of the offenders
10. Aggravating factors: used to impart a harsher sentence
11. Legal variables: offense severity, prior criminal record, and number of charges
12. Extralegal variables: such as demographic characteristics
13. Net widening: the growth of the correctional population via the proliferation of community corrections or intermediate sanctions
14. Restitution: is paid to the crime victim to recoup some of the harm caused by the offender’s wrongful acts
15. Forfeiture: another financial based intermediate sanction
16. Deferred prosecution, judgment, or sentence (deferred prosecution, judgment, or sentence): deferring a defendant’s sentence is one of the most widespread and cost-effective ways
2. Eighth amendment: excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
3. Pretrial supervision: correctional supervision of a defendant who has been arrested, booked, and bonded out of jail
4. Bond: the release from jail custody in exchange for collateral or recognizance whereby the defendant promises to appear for future court dates.
5. Post-trial/post-adjudication: pertains to defendants after they have pleaded guilty or been found guilty
6. Community corrections: refers to sanctions that allow criminal offenders to remain in the community as long as they abide by certain conditions, such as maintaining employment, participating in drug treatment, or undergoing psychological treatment.
7. Institutional corrections: such as jail and prison, use confinement or the physical removal from society as a means of supervision
8. Continuum of sanctions: which is a range of sanctions or legal penalties that balance punishment, treatment, and supervision concerns with the seriousness of the offense and the offender’s criminal convictions
9. Mitigating factors: seem to reduce the culpability of the offenders
10. Aggravating factors: used to impart a harsher sentence
11. Legal variables: offense severity, prior criminal record, and number of charges
12. Extralegal variables: such as demographic characteristics
13. Net widening: the growth of the correctional population via the proliferation of community corrections or intermediate sanctions
14. Restitution: is paid to the crime victim to recoup some of the harm caused by the offender’s wrongful acts
15. Forfeiture: another financial based intermediate sanction
16. Deferred prosecution, judgment, or sentence (deferred prosecution, judgment, or sentence): deferring a defendant’s sentence is one of the most widespread and cost-effective ways