Creation on Pakistan

Topic: Creation
To put some context to the “Presidential address by Mohammad Ali Jinnah to the Muslim League Lucknow, December 1916” let me begin by giving you a brief summary of the conditions that faced the Muslims pre-partition. The Muslims of the subcontinent were divided by ethnic background, language and sect; to the extent that there was even no common Muslim language in India and Muslims shared the main regional languages. Many Muslims also shared economic interests with their Hindu counterparts. However, when the British introduced elected councils and assemblies in the twentieth century, a division of political priorities and interests emerged between the Muslims who lived in Punjab and Bengal, where they formed a majority of the population, and those who inhabited areas such as the U.P , where they were outnumbered by the Hindus. In these circumstances Jinnah's uniting the Muslims behind the demand for Pakistan in the 1940s was an outstanding achievement. He began his career as a respected leader of the Indian National Congress and ended it as its most implacable opponent. Although he was not a devout Muslim, he urged for the creation of Pakistan in the name of Islam. Jinnah’s first political appearance was at the 1906 Calcutta session of the Congress; There he established links with several Congress leaders and was soon known as the one of the leading Muslims figures. The Muslim league was founded in 1906 in order to protect Muslims political .However Its outlook was confined to those of well read Muslim elite and was loyal to the British .However by April 1913 Jinnah agreed to lead the Muslim League in the hope of bringing its views in line with the Congress. He played a vital role in the negotiations which followed. They resulted in the famous Lucknow Pact of 1916, the only occasion in modern lndian history in which the Muslim League and the Congress came to an agreement about the political future of India. The Pact granted the Muslims many of the safeguards which they had demanded, including separate electorates and 'weightage' in the Legislative Councils of those provinces in which they formed a minority of the population. However, despite the hopes which it raised, the Lucknow Pact had only a temporary effect on Muslim-Hindu unity, as it It only represented the view point of only a small elitist segment and was thus vulnerable to the emergence into politics of new social groups and classes. The influentials now felt ill at ease when Gandhi launched his first Civil Disobedience Campaigns against; So Jinnah resigned from the Indian National Congress and shortly after Gandhi had gained control of it at the December 1920. .Jinnah left for London in 1931, determined to resign from politics and to concentrate on his legal career but the 1935 Government of India Act presented him with an opportunity to regain his former influence. Jinnah arrived back in Bombay in October 1935.In the next twelve years that followed he became the first Governer-General of a country whose Creation wouldn’t have been possible had it not been for him.

Topic: State Building 1947-71
Nur begums Interview helps us see violence as defined by “WHO” is a tool to threaten any person or community to harm them or to destroy their existence. The same tool was used by Pakistan army at the time of partition of East Pakistan. The major victim of this violence was women through which Pakistan military tried to ruin the entire race of Bengalis. This gobbet reflects the bitter reality of what Pakistan military did to the women of East Pakistan now called Bangladesh. Women were badly tortured and the victims were mostly young girls of age between 14 to 22 years. This behavior of Pakistan military shows that they wanted to punish Bengalis for their demand of having their separate identity. In this gobbet, Nur begum being one of the victims of the atrocities of Pakistan army, has expressed her story. Her parents were reported to be killed by Pakistan army and then they tortured her husband in front of her and killed him as well. Nur begum was not the only women who became victim of Pak army. They took her to the bunker, were they kept many other Bengali girls. All these women were raped and tortured frequently by different soldiers. As Nur’s husband was one of the freedom fighter, so they harassed her even more badly. The scenario shows that our military didn’t do any good in the war of 1971; instead they made the situation worse. When Bengalis got freedom, women who were still alive were released by freedom fighters.
Topic: Polity
“Proclamation of emergency” The strong action which general musharaf took stating that the supreme court has given itself unfair advantage and their actions are destroying the system of the country was followed by a number of reasons. Looking at the background of the events ,the actions general Musharaf took were just to protect his own authority which was challenged by the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry on many occasions. Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry who had made some important judgments to his credit such as , the steel mill case his constant efforts to force the government to give an order to find the people help up by the secret agencies, and taking such an action against him and challenging the judiciary , General Pervez Musharaf realized what would be the outcomes of his action .Pakistan has had a very unstable judicial history but the removal of such a respected and important member of the judiciary and including to that his immediate replacement raised questions .There were country wide protests carried out by the lawyers in different parts of the country simultaneously and there was chaos all over Pakistan. The actions which general Musharaf took to strengthen his authority turned against him and it became a major reason of his removal from the post of the "PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN" and later on led to his expulsion from the country as well.
Topic: EXTERNAL COMPULSION
From the day when Pakistan came into being, the relations of Pakistan with US are complicated and controversial. If we look back into the history, we can see that many steps taken by the US in the name of “benefit” of Pakistan are controversial and strategic. Pakistan army has always tried to give US the advantage of its location. The gobbet shows that the Army leaders like Ayub Khan have always tried to maintain healthy relations with US. Under the ruling period of Ayub Khan, Pakistan had strong ties with US. In addition to that, Ayub Khan publicly criticized Soviet Union in order to maintain strong relations with US. The strategies became more complicated when Ayub Khan deliberately expressed to the people of Pakistan that US is in favor of Pakistan and is working for the interests of Pakistan. At that time, the intervention of US in military matters also increased because according to Ayub Khan Pakistan military adopted instruments and methods similar to US. All these actions of Ayub Khan show that he was a great supporter of US and tried to maintain strong relations under his ruling.