Preview

chapter 4 chemical bonding

Satisfactory Essays
Open Document
Open Document
790 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
chapter 4 chemical bonding
1.1

INTRODUCTION



Chemical bonding – the force of attraction between the two atoms



Valence electron – the outer most shell electrons



There are three types of chemical bonding
i.

Ionic bond: ________________________________________

ii.

Covalent bond: _____________________________________

iii.

Dative Covalent bond: _______________________________

1.1.1 LEWIS DOT SYMBOL




A shorthand to represent the valence electron of an atom.
The element symbol surrounded by dots that represent the valence electrons.
The Lewis structures for the certain elements in the second periods of the periodic table are shown below.



Lewis structures can also be used to show bonding between atoms. o The bonding electrons are placed between the atoms and can be represented by a pair of dots or a dash (each dash represents one pair of electrons, or one bond). Eg: Lewis structures for H2 and O2.

1

FGS 0064 Chemistry I
Center for Foundation Studies (CFS)

1.1.2 THE OCTET RULE
The atoms of the representative elements form bonds to obtain 8 valence electrons. Atoms achieve noble configuration by transferring of electrons or sharing electrons.

1.2







IONIC BONDING
Exist between Metal + Non metal
Formed by the transferring of electrons from metal atom to non metal atom
Formation of oppositely charged cation and anion → the two ions held together by strong electrostatic force (ionic bond)
Metal loses its valence e → cation
Non – metal gains e → anion
Eg : Formation of NaCl, MgBr2

1.2.1 PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS






The ions occupy fixed positions in the ionic lattice
They can conduct electricity (in melting state or in a solution phase)
High melting and boiling points
Rarely soluble in organic solvents
Water-soluble

2

FGS 0064 Chemistry I
Center for Foundation Studies (CFS)

Exercise
Use Lewis dot symbols to show the formation of the following ionic

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Chem Study Test

    • 1229 Words
    • 8 Pages

    4. In a Lewis dot structure the electrons which complete an octet but are not located between two atoms are referred to as…

    • 1229 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    water provides partial positive and partial negative charges to which other polar molecules can attach. When ionic solid dissolves, anions and cations dissociate.…

    • 2983 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Covalent Bonding Lab

    • 560 Words
    • 3 Pages

    In this lab, each person in the group will have two pennies. Galvanization of a penny will create a brass penny. Galvanizing the penny in sodium hydroxide with zinc causes the penny to turn from bronze to silver. Once the penny is fully galvanized you will burn the penny and spray it off and then it will turn gold. There will be a weight change also a mass change. Observing the penny to see it turn from bronze to silver to gold.…

    • 560 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Modeling Molecules

    • 553 Words
    • 3 Pages

    1. Identify the chemical and structural formulas and electron dot structures of the following molecules:…

    • 553 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Modeling Molecules

    • 786 Words
    • 4 Pages

    1. Identify the chemical and structural formulas and electron dot structures of the following molecules:…

    • 786 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Bdaaaaa

    • 488 Words
    • 2 Pages

    In this assignment, you will build models of molecules in order to answer questions about their shape and chemical properties.…

    • 488 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion) are strongly attracted to one another. In this experiment, a…

    • 1310 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Chemistry Bonding

    • 515 Words
    • 3 Pages

    64) Explain why each electron structure is incorrect. Replace each structure with one that is more acceptable.…

    • 515 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Chemical Bond and Answer

    • 2451 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (Tro) Chapter 10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valance Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory 1) Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry(mg) of BCl3. A) eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planar B) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal planar C) eg=tetrahedral, mg=trigonal pyramidal D) eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent E) eg=trigonal bipyramidal, mg= trigonal bipyramidal Answer: A 2) Determine the electron geometry (eg), molecular geometry (mg), and polarity of SO2. A) eg=tetrahedral, mg=bent, polar B) eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent, polar C)…

    • 2451 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    10. Using the letters labeled on periodic table diagram provided below, identify An atom that has a tendency to gain 2 electrons…

    • 882 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    chemistry 2ab notes

    • 961 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Strong electrostatic forces between the positive and negative ion make it hard for heat to overcome the strong bonds which are…

    • 961 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine each form these paired elements above. Show how each of these elements bond, using their electron dot diagram:…

    • 591 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Write down the electron configuration for the following atoms (see page 135 in your textbook):…

    • 354 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    How to Form Ionic Bonds

    • 397 Words
    • 2 Pages

    First, understand that all atoms want full shells. All atoms, except for noble gases, have valence electrons. These electrons are the ones on the outermost shell. All atoms either want to get rid of these electrons or gain enough to make a full shell. Metals, which are on the right side of the periodic table, have less than 4 valence electrons. This means they want to get rid of those electrons. Nonmetals, which are on the left side of the periodic table, have more than 4 valence electrons. These atoms want to gain electrons until they have 8, which is a full shell. Metals will always be positive because they are giving AWAY electrons, so therefore, they have more protons (+) than electrons (-). Nonmetals will always be negative because they will GAIN electrons, so therefore, they will have more electrons (-) than protons (+). So to form an ionic bond between lithium (metal) and nitrogen (nonmetal), you first look at how many lithium valence electrons there are. You can determine this by looking at lithium’s charge which is +. + means that there is only one. For nitrogen, you look at the group that nitrogen is. Nitrogen is in Group 15, so it has 5 valence electrons. So how many of each atom can make the entire compound neutral? You need THREE lithium atoms so that they each give away one valence electron to nitrogen. This way, all the atoms are happy because they all have full shells.…

    • 397 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Bonding Mechanism

    • 2757 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Pg1Pg1 CONSERVATIVE OPERATIVE DENTISTRY Page 1 Lecture: Bonding Systems (Enamel, Dentin, Compomer, Amalgam, Resin Cement) OVERVIEW OF BONDING SYSTEMS: A. Goals of Bonding (and Adhesion): 1.…

    • 2757 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Good Essays