Ch 1-4 of Essential Biology Text
Bio Study Guide EXAM 1
Chapter 1
Characteristics of living things (know the 7 characteristics)
1. Order
2. Regulation- controlling body temp
3. Contain DNA- evolution
4. Energy Processing – food
5. Response to the environment- adapting
6. Growth and development
7. Reproduction Classification of organisms (D.K.P.C.O.F.G.S)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (know differences)
Prokaryotic cells: DO NOT have a nucleus but DOES contain DNA & a membrane
- unicellular: simple structure, smaller (e.g. Bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells: DOES have a nucleus w/ DNA
- Multicellular, more complex structure and bigger (i.e. fungi, plants & animal)
- Membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
The Scientific Method (know steps):
1. Observation
2. Hypothesis- temporary logical explanations
3. Test- experiments, collect data & analyze
4. Conclusion
Scientific Theories:
General explanation of important natural phenomena, developed through extensive & reproducible observations
(i.e. Cell Theory & Atomic Theory) Scientific inquiry: a search for information & explanation, focusing on specific questions
Chapter 2:
Stable vs. Unstable atoms, electron shells
Stable Atoms: have 2 electrons max in the 1st shell & all other shells must have a max of 8
- Even # of electrons = unreactive (e.g. Helium: 2 protons, 2 neutrons]- Nucleus; 2 electrons]- Shell
Unstable Atoms: is any atom that has a shell with an odd # of electrons therefore the shell is not filled to the max
- Odd # of electrons = reactive (e.g. Hydrogen: 1 protons]- nucleus, 1 electron]- shell
Isotopes: Are atoms of the same element but differ in the # of neutrons
Chemical Bonds (know differences & examples)
1. Ionic bond (weak): when an atom donates its electron(s) & another atom gains it (e.g. table salt NaCI, Na (sodium) + CI (chloride) = NaCI)
- Charged substances are called ions (i.e. e , p )
- Negative charge means it
Chapter 1
Characteristics of living things (know the 7 characteristics)
1. Order
2. Regulation- controlling body temp
3. Contain DNA- evolution
4. Energy Processing – food
5. Response to the environment- adapting
6. Growth and development
7. Reproduction Classification of organisms (D.K.P.C.O.F.G.S)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (know differences)
Prokaryotic cells: DO NOT have a nucleus but DOES contain DNA & a membrane
- unicellular: simple structure, smaller (e.g. Bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells: DOES have a nucleus w/ DNA
- Multicellular, more complex structure and bigger (i.e. fungi, plants & animal)
- Membrane, cytoplasm, organelles
The Scientific Method (know steps):
1. Observation
2. Hypothesis- temporary logical explanations
3. Test- experiments, collect data & analyze
4. Conclusion
Scientific Theories:
General explanation of important natural phenomena, developed through extensive & reproducible observations
(i.e. Cell Theory & Atomic Theory) Scientific inquiry: a search for information & explanation, focusing on specific questions
Chapter 2:
Stable vs. Unstable atoms, electron shells
Stable Atoms: have 2 electrons max in the 1st shell & all other shells must have a max of 8
- Even # of electrons = unreactive (e.g. Helium: 2 protons, 2 neutrons]- Nucleus; 2 electrons]- Shell
Unstable Atoms: is any atom that has a shell with an odd # of electrons therefore the shell is not filled to the max
- Odd # of electrons = reactive (e.g. Hydrogen: 1 protons]- nucleus, 1 electron]- shell
Isotopes: Are atoms of the same element but differ in the # of neutrons
Chemical Bonds (know differences & examples)
1. Ionic bond (weak): when an atom donates its electron(s) & another atom gains it (e.g. table salt NaCI, Na (sodium) + CI (chloride) = NaCI)
- Charged substances are called ions (i.e. e , p )
- Negative charge means it