Biology Summary 'Maintaining a Balance'
9.2 Maintaining A Balance
1. Most organisms are active in a limited temperature range. | | * Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism, describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their specificity on subrates. | * Role of enzymes in the metabolism:Biological catalysts that control all chemical reactions within the body. They are specific to one action. | | * Chemical composition:Catalysts produced by cells made up of proteins (linked amino acids) | | * Specificity on substrates:Enzymes are specific in action and react with only one substrate. Due to the shape of the enzymes active site (where reactions occur and products are made)LOCK AND KEY-INDUCED FIT- | * Identify the pH as a way of describing the acidity of a substance | * Describing acidity of a substance:pH describes acidity on a scale of 1-141-7= Acid 7= Neutral 8-14= AlkalineThis scale determines the amount of hydrogen in a substance –The lower a product is on the scale (acidic), it has higher amounts of hydrogen. The higher something is on the scale (alkaline), the amount of hydrogen is lower. | | * Enzymes and pH-Particular enzymes work best at a specific pH range. Eg. * Enzymes in cells (7.2-7.4) * Enzymes in stomach (1.5)If an enzyme is outside of its pH range it will denature. | * Explain why the maintenance of a constant internal environment is important for optimal metabolic efficiency | * Organisms function best if the internal environment for the cells is maintained at a constant level (homeostasis). The metabolism is a cellular reaction controlled by enzymes. If enzymes denature the environment is altered. Therefore, cells can’t perform their functions. | * Describe homeostasis as the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. | * Homeostasis is the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment. | * Explain that homeostasis consists of
1. Most organisms are active in a limited temperature range. | | * Identify the role of enzymes in metabolism, describe their chemical composition and use a simple model to describe their specificity on subrates. | * Role of enzymes in the metabolism:Biological catalysts that control all chemical reactions within the body. They are specific to one action. | | * Chemical composition:Catalysts produced by cells made up of proteins (linked amino acids) | | * Specificity on substrates:Enzymes are specific in action and react with only one substrate. Due to the shape of the enzymes active site (where reactions occur and products are made)LOCK AND KEY-INDUCED FIT- | * Identify the pH as a way of describing the acidity of a substance | * Describing acidity of a substance:pH describes acidity on a scale of 1-141-7= Acid 7= Neutral 8-14= AlkalineThis scale determines the amount of hydrogen in a substance –The lower a product is on the scale (acidic), it has higher amounts of hydrogen. The higher something is on the scale (alkaline), the amount of hydrogen is lower. | | * Enzymes and pH-Particular enzymes work best at a specific pH range. Eg. * Enzymes in cells (7.2-7.4) * Enzymes in stomach (1.5)If an enzyme is outside of its pH range it will denature. | * Explain why the maintenance of a constant internal environment is important for optimal metabolic efficiency | * Organisms function best if the internal environment for the cells is maintained at a constant level (homeostasis). The metabolism is a cellular reaction controlled by enzymes. If enzymes denature the environment is altered. Therefore, cells can’t perform their functions. | * Describe homeostasis as the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. | * Homeostasis is the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment. | * Explain that homeostasis consists of