Bio 112

Evolution : biodiversity
Form
Anatomy
Structure
Morphology : The study of different shapes
Function
Mechanics (biomechanics)
Physiology : study of function

Steve Vogel : founding father of Biomechanics * “without function is a corpse, without form is….”
EX : * Form : Large muscles * Function : lifting weight
Assumption : should be able to lift heavier loads

Comparative
Morphology and Physiology
The more comparisons you make, the easier it gets to understand
Ex : digestive system of a cat vs. a dogs then the cat and dog systems vs. a humans, etc.

Organization * EX : Human
Kingdom : Animal
Phylum : Chordates
Class :Mammalia
Order : primates
Family : Hommidae
Genus : Homo
Species : Sapiens
Homo sapiens always underline Latin names

Organisms
Must obtain energy
Grow
Reproduce
Basic traits
Cells
Evolution via natural selection

Theory vs. Hypothesis
Theory
Broad pattern
Series of supported hypotheses
Hypothesis
Scientific question
Can be supported through experimentation

*

Cell Theory
Discovery of cells
First major conceptual breakthrough in bio
Robert Hooke (1665)
Discovered cells
Cork (30x Magnification)
Studied springs – similar to muscles
Early 1800’s : all organisms consist of cells
Pattern : cells exist in nature and are the basic constituent of all biological entities
But where do cells come from?
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Tested process component of cell theory
Challenged SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
Spontaneous Generation : cells could be randomly produced
Generated the process component of cell theory
All cells originate from preexisting cells
Important implications
Support for cell theory
Common ancestry

Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
What is evolution?
Common ancestry
Change
Time
Adaptation
Appearance (phenotype)
Genetic code (genotype)
Pattern : species are related by common ancestry and change through time
Process : natural selection
Camolfloge