Apa Style Writing
APA Style Referencing
Author and date
Place a comma between the author and the date in the parenthetical citation. If the author is named in the text, place the date immediately after the name. People with Type O blood are more likely to develop duodenal ulcers than people with Type A, B, or AB blood. (Eisenburg, 1978). Eisenburg (1978) found that people with Type O blood are more likely to develop duodenal ulcers than people with Type A, B, or AB blood.
Author, date and page (short quotation)
Quotations of fewer than forty words are integrated into the text and enclosed in double quotation marks. Note the use of the past tense (reported) in the text and the inclusion of the abbreviation p. before the page number in the parenthetical citation. As Schulsinger (1992) reported, “The greatest workplace stress occurs when jobs are high in stressors and low in controllability” (p.56) If the author’s name does not appear in the signal phrase, place it in the parenthetical citation at the end of the quotation. According to one report, “The greatest workplace stress occurs when jobs are high in stressors and low in controllability” (Schulsinger, 1978, p. 56).
Author, date, and page (long quotation)
Quotations of more than forty words are set of f from the text by indenting five spaces from the margin. Quotation marks are omitted. The parenthetical citation follows the period at the end of the quotation.
Two authors
If a work has two authors, use both names in all citations. Note the used of the ampersand (&) in the parenthetical citation and the spelled-out and in the text. The outcome measures used in the study have been criticized (Campbell & Tsuang, 2001) Campbell and Tsuang (2001) have criticized the outcome measures used in the study.
Three to five authors
If a work has three to five authors, list all their names in the text or the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the work: (Rosenthal, Kelly, Allen, & Santos, 1995) In subsequent
Author and date
Place a comma between the author and the date in the parenthetical citation. If the author is named in the text, place the date immediately after the name. People with Type O blood are more likely to develop duodenal ulcers than people with Type A, B, or AB blood. (Eisenburg, 1978). Eisenburg (1978) found that people with Type O blood are more likely to develop duodenal ulcers than people with Type A, B, or AB blood.
Author, date and page (short quotation)
Quotations of fewer than forty words are integrated into the text and enclosed in double quotation marks. Note the use of the past tense (reported) in the text and the inclusion of the abbreviation p. before the page number in the parenthetical citation. As Schulsinger (1992) reported, “The greatest workplace stress occurs when jobs are high in stressors and low in controllability” (p.56) If the author’s name does not appear in the signal phrase, place it in the parenthetical citation at the end of the quotation. According to one report, “The greatest workplace stress occurs when jobs are high in stressors and low in controllability” (Schulsinger, 1978, p. 56).
Author, date, and page (long quotation)
Quotations of more than forty words are set of f from the text by indenting five spaces from the margin. Quotation marks are omitted. The parenthetical citation follows the period at the end of the quotation.
Two authors
If a work has two authors, use both names in all citations. Note the used of the ampersand (&) in the parenthetical citation and the spelled-out and in the text. The outcome measures used in the study have been criticized (Campbell & Tsuang, 2001) Campbell and Tsuang (2001) have criticized the outcome measures used in the study.
Three to five authors
If a work has three to five authors, list all their names in the text or the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the work: (Rosenthal, Kelly, Allen, & Santos, 1995) In subsequent
References: Morrison, D. R. (1998). Aid and ebb tide: A history of CIDA and Canadian development assistance. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.