theorem‚ p + q 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 1. What does each of these formulas mean‚ and how are the formulas derived? p + q 1: If you add all the dominant alleles for a gene to all the recessive alleles for the gene‚ you get all of the alleles for that gene‚ or 100% of the alleles for the gene. (Note: This assumes the gene has only two alleles.) p2 + 2pq + q2 1: If you combine all the individuals that are homozygous dominant for a gene with all the heterozygotes and homozygous recessive individuals
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chromosome linked dominant or recessive‚ Y- chromosome linked or not. Explanation 1. Autosome Linked Dominant traits: These are the traits whose encoding gene is present on any one of the autosomes‚ and the wildtype allele is recessive to its mutant allele‚ i.e.‚ the mutant allele is dominant. The pedigree-chart can be of the undernoted pattern (Fig. 11.2)‚ where the female being interviewed is exhibiting the trait‚ and is indicated by an arrow-mark in the chart. The characteristic features
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1. Alleles are different versions of the same gene and one may be dominant to the other. –TRUE 2. In a dihybrid cross of a mother and father who are both heterozygous dominant for chin fissures and dimples‚ what would be the phenotypic ratio of chin fissures and dimples in their offspring? –-9:3:3:1 3. If two alleles are heterozygous‚ it means they are the same allele. --FALSE 4. If the letter ""C"" stands for the dominant allele for having a chin fissue and the letter ""c"" stands for the recessive
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each pair of homologous chromosomes. The alleles may be identical or different. (2)____Homozygous__________- when both alleles in a homologous chromosome pair have the same expression. Example: both alleles code for straight hairline at forehead. (3)______Heterozygous__________- when the alleles differ in their expression. Example: one allele codes for straight hairline and the other for widow’s peak. (4)______Dominant_________- in a heterozygous pair of alleles‚ it is the one that exerts its effects
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Dihybrid Cross Worksheet 1. Set up a punnett square using the following information: • • • • • Dominate allele for tall plants = D Recessive allele for dwarf plants = d Dominate allele for purple flowers = W Recessive allele for white flowers = w Cross a homozygous dominate parent (DDWW) with a homozygous recessive parent (ddww) 2. Using the punnett square in question #1: a. What is the probability of producing tall plants with purple flowers? Possible genotype(s)? b. What is the probability of
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relationship between the following pairs of genetic terms: A. Gene and trait: B. Gene and chromosome: C. Allele and gene: D. DNA sequence and amino acid sequence: Q3. For each of the following terms in the left column‚ choose the best matching phrase in the right column. a. phenotype 1. Having two identical alleles of a given gene b. alleles 2. The allele expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote. c. independent assortment 3. Alternate forms of a gene.
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and circle your answers. 1) If the frequency of a recessive allele is 30% in a population of 100 people‚ how many would you predict would be carriers of this allele‚ but would not express the recessive phenotype? q= 0.30 p= 0.70 Carriers = 2pq = 2(.3)(.7) = .42 #= (.42)(100) = 42 individuals 2) From a sample of 278 American Indians‚ the following MN blood types were obtained: MM = 78‚ MN = 139‚ NN = 61. Calculate the allele frequency of M and N. M= 0.53 N= 0.47 MM = 78/278 = 0.281
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generation • Leading to the law of segregation o Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variations in inherited characteristics. o For each character‚ an organism inherits 2 alleles‚ one from each parent. o If the two alleles differ‚ then one‚ the dominant allele‚ is fully expressed in the organism’s appearance‚ the other‚ the recessive allele‚ has no noticeable affect on the organism’s appearance. o The alleles for each character segregate (separate) during gamete production (meiosis)
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Biology: Concepts and Connections‚ 6e (Campbell) Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following statements regarding domestic dogs is false? A) Dogs originated in East Asia. B) Dogs of different breeds can be identified through genetic analysis. C) Shar-pei and Akita are genetically very similar to the wolf. D) All dogs are descended from wolves. E) Humans have bred dogs for thousands of years. Answer: D Topic: Opening Essay Skill:
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plants were homozygous and both parent pea plants had two identical alleles. The plants in F1 generation were all heterozygous with two different alleles‚ one from each parent. This part can be understood more clearly by looking at the genotypes instead of only the phenotype. Mendel also discovered that one trait is dominant over the other trait. However‚ the dominant allele does not alter the recessive allele in any way and both alleles can be passed on to the next generation unchanged. These experiments
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